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Biology 1010 > Life's Chemical Basis- Unit 1 > Flashcards

Life's Chemical Basis- Unit 1 Flashcards

Life's Chemical Basis (68 cards)

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1
Q

Where is methylmercury found

A

Fish, shellfish and humans

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2
Q

why is methylmercury dangerous

A

it easily crosses skin and mucous membranes and will damage nervous system, brain, kidneys, and organs and cause Prions disease

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3
Q

Where does methylmercury come from?

A

Human activities that release mercury atoms (coal burning)

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4
Q

How is Methylmercury absorbed?

A

Eating, going into eyes, and through skin

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5
Q

Atoms

A

Fundamental building block of matter

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6
Q

Element

A

Substance that consists only of atoms with the same number of protons

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7
Q

Nucleus

A

Core of atom- contains protons and neutrons

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8
Q

Protons

A

Positively charged subatomic particle that occurs in all atomic nuclei

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9
Q

Neutron

A

Uncharged particle that occurs in all atomic nuclei

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10
Q

Electron

A

negatively charged subatomic particle that occupies orbitals around an atomic nuclei

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11
Q

charge

A

Electrical property, opposites attract, identical repel

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12
Q

Molecules

A

Atoms interacting with other atoms, its behavior depends on structure of atoms

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13
Q

How are elements defined

A

By the number of protons in the nucleus

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14
Q

How are periodic tables organized

A

By atomic number

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15
Q

What groups in the periodic tables act the similar

A

Elements in columns

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16
Q

Atomic number

A

Quantity of protons in atomic nucleus

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17
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of elements that differ in mass number

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18
Q

Mass number

A

Total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus of an atom

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19
Q

Radioisotopes

A

Isotope with too many protons or neutrons that are radioactive

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20
Q

How do radioisotopes attempt to stabilize themselves

A

shed subatomic particles in process of radioactive decay

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21
Q

What can the shedding of subatomic particles in radioisotopes sometimes achieve

A

It can transform elements

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22
Q

What radioactive isotope is used in a PET scan

A

MAO-B

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23
Q

What is radioactive decay used for

A

As a tracer that tracks biological processes inside organisms

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24
Q

How do electrons coexist among atoms

A

Atoms acquire share and donate electrons

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25
What determines how an atom will interact with others
It's number of electrons and the arrangement of those electrons
26
What does the typical atom have of protons and neutrons
Equal amounts
27
Ionic bond
Strong association between oppositely charged ions resulting in mutual attractions of opposite charges
28
Example of ionic bonds
Table salt, Sodium and Chloride
29
Covalent
Atoms share pair of electrons in covalent bond which is nonpolar if sharing is equal and polar if not
30
Polarity
Separation of molecular charges into positive and negative regions
31
Hydrogen Bond
Attraction between a covalently bonded hydrogen atom and another atom taking part in a separate covalent bond. Attraction between two due to opposite charges
32
What is the typical hydrogen bond
Oppositely charged H20 molecules and a bond of different atoms that have different electronegativities
33
What makes hydrogen bonds strong
When a lot of them are all squished together
34
What are DNA atoms strong enough to hold
DNA
35
What happens if radioactive materials hit hydrogen bond
It will break them and cause abnormal arrangements. If hits DNA this will create cancer
36
3 water properties
Solvent for polar solutes, resistant to temperature changes, and cohesion
37
How do all the water properties occur
Due to hydrogen bonding
38
Solvent
liquid that can dissolve salt, sugar and other polar substances
39
Solute
Dissolved substance
40
How does water dissolve salt
Water surrounds NaCl and pulls it apart slowly releases ions
41
Hydrophilic
Substance that dissolves in water easily (salt)
42
Hydrophobic
Substance that resists dissolving in water (oil)
43
Why are the 3 water properties important
They are essential for life
44
Cohesion
Tendency of molecules to stick together
45
What creates surface tension
cohesion causes molecules to contract to take up a small surface area
46
What else does cohesion allow for
water to go up plants, resist evaporation, and be sticky
47
How does water resist evaporation
A lot of heat is needed to break up the hydrogen bonds
48
Evaporation
Transition of liquid to a gas which requires energy and removes heat from liquid
49
Why is stabilizing temperature important
Most molecules of life function within a certain range, and it allows for homeostatis
50
Why is water good for stabilization
Hydrogen bonding needs more heat to raise temperature of water than other liquids
51
What does ice do to the molecular structure of water
It locks the bonds in a 3-D lattice
52
Why does ice float
Molecules will pack less densely in ice so they are less dense and lighter than water
53
What would happen if ice didn't float
All fish would die
54
At what PH level does all biological processes occur around
7
55
What is a PH level
measure of concentration of hydrogen ions (H+)in a fluid
56
Concentration
Number of molecules of solute per unit of volume of a solution
57
What do acids do with hydrogen ions
Release them into water
58
What do bases do with hydrogen ions
Accept hydrogen ionsin water
59
What does water split into
Hydrogen (H+) and hydroxide (OH-)
60
What are the amounts of H+ and OH- when Ph is neutral
They are equal
61
What do strong acids do differently than Weak acids
They release more H+ ions into the water
62
Example of strong acid
Hydrochloric acid
63
0=? 14=?
Bigger is base, lower is acid
64
Acid and base molecules
Acids have a lot of H+ Bases have a lot of OH-
65
Buffer
Chemicals that stabilize solutions PH by donating and accepting ions that help PH range
66
Examples of things that are buffered
Cell body and organismal fluids
67
Acid Rain
Burning fossil fuels releases acid sulfur and nitrogen compounds carried with wind. When mixed with water and oxygen it turns into acidic rain
68
Air pollution
All ecosystems show detectable effects of air pollution, and mercury levels are still rising

Biology 1010 (11 decks)

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