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Biology 1010 > Preliminaries- Unit 1 > Flashcards

Preliminaries- Unit 1 Flashcards

Preliminaries

1
Q

Biology

A

Systematic Study of Life

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2
Q

Emergent Property

A

Unpredictable sum of the lower levels. Product doesn’t appear in the bases

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3
Q

Organization level of life

A
  1. Atom
  2. Molecule
  3. Cell
  4. Tissue
  5. Organ
  6. Organ System
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4
Q

Molecule

A

Atoms joined with chemical bonds

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5
Q

Cell

A

Smallest unit of Life

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6
Q

Tissue

A

Organized cells that preform a function

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7
Q

Organ

A

Interacting Tissues

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8
Q

Organ System

A

Interacting organs that keep cells functioning

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9
Q

Organization level of organisms

A
  1. Populations
  2. Community
  3. Ecosystem
  4. Biosphere
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10
Q

Population

A

Group of individuals of same species at same time

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11
Q

Community

A

All populations of all species at the same time

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12
Q

Ecosystem

A

Community interacts with an abiotic environment

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13
Q

Biosphere

A

All Earth’s regions containing life (only small crust portion)

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14
Q

Life’s Unity Principles

A
  1. All organisms require energy and recycle materials
  2. Organisms sense and respond to change
  3. Organisms use DNA information to function and reproduce
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15
Q

Energy

A

Capacity to do work

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16
Q

Nutrients

A

Substance needed for growth and survival that an organism can’t self reproduce

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17
Q

Producers

A

Get energy by creating it themselves (photosynthesis and chemosynthesis)

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18
Q

Consumers

A

Eat organisms waste or remains

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19
Q

Energy circle

A

Producers harvest energy, get’s into the leaves. Consumers eat the nutrients and decompose back to the producer.
Energy flows one way and all the materials recycle

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20
Q

Homeostasis

A

keeping conditions in internal environment within a range that cells can tolerate (shiver and sweat)

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21
Q

DNA’s purpose

A

Guide all metabolic activities- growth, development, and reproduction

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22
Q

Inheritance

A

Passage of DNA from parents

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23
Q

Biodiversity

A

variation among living organisms

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24
Q

Bacteria

A

Single cell, DNA not in the nucleus

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24
Bacterium
Singular bacteria that's part of a large group of single-cells
25
Eukaryote
Single or multi-celled, DNA in nucleus. (Not all contain nucleus but all do characteristically)
26
Archaean's
Single celled, DNA not in nucleus. Resemble bacteria but actually closer to a Eukaryote
26
Nucleus
Double-membraned sac that usually holds DNA
27
Plants
Type of Eukaryote- Photosynthetic producer
27
Fungi
Type of Eukaryote- decomposers
27
Protist
Simple Eukaryote, everything from amoebas to kelp
28
Animals
Eukaryote- Consumers
29
Taxonomy order
1-Genus 2-Specific Epithet
30
Genus
Group that all share traits
31
Specific Epithet
Differentiate from other species in genus
32
A way to sort all species into groups
Linnean taxonomy
33
Taxonomy
naming and classifying
34
Taxon/Taxa
Group with a common ancestor or relatedness
35
Species
Snapshot of organisms life at 1 moment in time
36
3 Domain Classification System
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
37
6 Kingdom Classification System
Bacteria, Archaea, Protists, Plants, Fungi, Animals
38
Species similarities
Morphological, Physiological, Behavioral
39
Morphological
Shape, size, color (structure)
40
Physiological
Biochemical make up (function)
41
Behavioral
How they act
42
Biological Species Concept
Since some species are hard to distinguish off of looks, we watch who breeds with who
43
Critical Thinking
Judge info on quality and assess claims before accepting them
44
Science
Systematic study of observable world. By presenting and rejecting hypothesis
45
Make and Test Falsifiable Predictions
Observe, inductive reasoning to form hypothesis, use deductive reasoning if what'll happen if hypothesis is NOT wrong
46
Hypothesis
Testable explanation of a natural phenomenon. (some aren't testable now so save for later)
47
Inductive Reasoning
Making conclusions based on observation Observe, generalize, Theory
48
Deductive Reasoning
Use general idea to draw conclusions of a specific case Theory, Prediction, Experiment
49
Prediction
Statement based on if hypothesis is right
50
Experiment
Test to support of falsify a prediction
51
Model
Replication of investigated system to test ideas
52
Experimental Group
Group exposed to independent variable
53
Control Group
Group not exposed to independent variables
54
What if hypothesis is wrong
Discard entirely or alter it
55
Scientific Method
Form, test, evaluate hypothesis
56
Form hypothesis
Observe aspect of nature
57
Test Hypothesis
think of explanation for observation
58
Evaluate Hypothesis
Analyze results of rest and make conclusions
59
Variable
Characteristics that differ among individuals
60
Independent Variable
Controlled by Experimenter
61
Dependent Variable
Variable affected by independent variable
62
Why do we design experiments
To minimize bias
63
Sampling Error
Difference of true population and inaccurate testing population. Small sample size will cause a large error because the group tested will not resemble whole group
64
Probability
Chance an outcome will occur, probability rules allow for us to find statistical significance
65
Statistically Significant
Result is unlikely to come from chance
66
Confirmation Bias
Experimenters risk interpreting what they want or expect to find
67
Experiment should attempt to find
Data that can be measured to answer cause and effect relationships
68
Science concerns...
Only testable ideas, opinions don't matter, it allows us to be objective
69
Science assumes...
All claims are false, even theories and laws are subject to revision and rejection
70
Theory
Long-standing hypothesis useful to make predictions
71
Law of Nature
Something that always without fail will occur but we have no explanation as to why

Biology 1010 (11 decks)

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