Life Science 11B

Question 1

What are the two parts of the phospholipid in the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane?

Question 2

Other than phospholipids, what components make up the cell membrane?

Answer 2

Cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates

Question 3

What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

Answer 3

It helps with reducing the permeability of the cell membrane and helping with membrane fluidity.

Question 4

What is the role of the channel protein in the cell membrane?

Answer 4

It allows lipid insoluble substances to pass in and out of the cell.

Question 5

What is the major role of many membrane proteins?

Answer 5

To help material cross from one side to the other

Question 6

What is the current model for the structure of the cell membrane?

Answer 6

Fluid mosaic model

Question 7

The diffusion of particles through integral protein channels in the plasma membrane

Answer 7

Facilitated diffusion

Question 8

The diffusion of particles directly through the phospholipid bilayer

Answer 8

Simple diffusion

Question 9

Diffusion with the help of channel proteins

Answer 9

Faciliatated diffusion

Question 10

What happens when there are molecules that are too big to pass through the cell membrane?

Answer 10

Faciliated difusion occurs

Question 11

What happens when there are molecules that have a charge that want to pass through the cell membrane?

Answer 11

Facilitated diffusion occurs

Question 12

Transmembrane proteins use the energy of ATP to force ions or small molecules through the membrane against their concentration gradient.

Answer 12

Active transport

Question 13

What is a cause of wilting for plants?

Answer 13

Low turgor pressure

Question 14

The pressure exerted by water against the pressure of the cell wall in plant cells

Answer 14

turgor pressure

Question 15

What do plant cells, specifically, rely on for strength?

Answer 15

turgor pressure

Question 16

These are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Answer 16

Thylakoids in chloroplasts

Question 17

What is the major difference between protostomes and deuterostomes?

Answer 17

In protostomes the mouth is formed first and then the anus second. In deuterostomes, it is the other way around where the anus is formed first and then the mouth is formed second.

Question 18

The process that results in the formation of three distinct germ layers in the early embryo.

Answer 18

Gastrulation

Question 19

What species does not undergo gastrulation?

Answer 19

sponges

Question 20

Brain/control center of the cell - contains DNA/genetic material. Found in eukaryotic cells only.

Answer 20

Nucleus

Question 21

gatekeeper - a barrier between the inside/outside of a cell. Allows nutrients in and lets wastes out

Answer 21

cell membrane

Question 22

small, dot like organelles that are either in the cytoplasm or attached to ER

Answer 22

Ribosomes

Question 23

What part of the cell makes proteins?

Answer 23

Ribosomes

Question 24

Most abundant organelle, found in all cells

Answer 24

Ribosomes

Question 25

Part of the cell where ATP/energy is made and released; bean shaped organelle.

Answer 25

Mitochondria

Question 26

transport system of the cell - for movement of materials around the cell.

Answer 26

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 27

Part of the cell that makes lipids and hormones. it also modifies proteins.

Answer 27

Smooth ER

Question 28

This part of the cell produces proteins for export out oof the cell

Answer 28

Rough ER

Question 29

gel-like fluid (liquid) inside the cell.

Answer 29

Cytoplasm

Question 30

How does the Golgi apparatus work with the ER?

Answer 30

When a protein is made in the ER, something is made called a transition vesicle. It floats through the cytoplasm to the Golgi apparatus and is absorbed. From there, the vesicle moves to the cell membrane and the molecules are released out of the cell.

Question 31

storage sacs that store water and other liquids in the cell

Answer 31

vacuole

Question 32

Part of the cell that contains digestive enzymes that break down food, substances that are not needed, damaged cell parts, and viruses

Answer 32

lysosomes

Question 33

Large water sack in plant cells that helps the cell hold its shape

Answer 33

large vacuole

Question 34

Green sacs that contain chlorophyll

Answer 34

chloroplasts

Question 35

What organelle is responsible for helping with the process of photosynthesis?

Answer 35

chloroplasts

Question 36

Part of the cell outside of the cell membrane that gives strength and support

Answer 36

cell wall

Question 37

Where are ribosomes made in the cell?

Answer 37

nucleolus, a part inside the nucleus

Question 38

What is responsible for the "beads on a string" appearance of chromatin?

Answer 38

histones

Question 39

This structure is composed of DNA and proteins, mostly basic proteins called histones

Answer 39

chromatin

Question 40

This is the loose structure of chromosomes

Answer 40

chromatin

Question 41

This is what the chromosomes are called when the cell is not dividing.

Answer 41

chromatin

Question 42

This is seen as dark spots in the nucleus

Answer 42

nucleoli

Question 43

This part of the cell contains pores that let RNA out of the nucleus

Answer 43

nuclear membrane

Question 44

This part of the cell provides the framework for the cell

Answer 44

cytoskeleton

Question 45

This part of the cell constantly changes shape and helps in cell movement

Answer 45

cytoskeleton

Question 46

Threadlike, intracellular structure that are responsible for various movements in all eukaryotic cells

Answer 46

Microtubules

Question 47

Part of the cell responsible for reinforcing cell shape

Answer 47

intermediate filaments

Question 48

Part of the cell made up of actin and myosin

Answer 48

microfilaments

Question 49

Part of the cell that causes characteristic contractions of the muscle

Answer 49

microfilaments

Question 50

This part of the cell is responsible for the formation of the cleavage furrow during cell division.

Answer 50

microfilaments

Question 51

A cytoskeletal filament that aids in structure

Answer 51

intermediate filaments

Question 52

A cytoskeletal filament that aids in movement

Answer 52

microfilaments

Question 53

A cytoskeletal filament that aids in intracellular transport

Answer 53

microtubules