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Life science Flashcards

1
Q

ovulation

A

release of egg cell from ovary

into oviduct

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2
Q

menstruation

A

unfertilized egg passes out body
of think uterus lining
every month

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3
Q

copulation

A

sexual intercourse

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4
Q

ejaculation

A

release of sperm

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5
Q

fertilisation

A

joining together

egg cell and sperm cell

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6
Q

gestation

A

time taken for foetus

develop fully

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7
Q

implantation

A

process

embryo attaches itself to lining

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8
Q

foetus

A

embryo after its been growing

2 months

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9
Q

placenta

A 
organ that forms in uterus
during pregnancy 
attaches to walls 
provides nutrients and oxygen to foetus 
through umbilical chord
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10
Q

breathing

A

movement of air

into and out of lungs

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11
Q

inhalation

A

breathing in

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12
Q

exhalation

A

breathing out

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13
Q

diaphragm

A

sheet of muscle

below lungs

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14
Q

circulation

A

transport of substances
oxygen
food
waste

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15
Q

arteries

A 
pumps blood away from heart 
thick muscular wall
pulse
carry oxygenated blood
except pulmonary
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16
Q

capillaries

A

network of tiny blood cells
connect arteries and veins
thin walls
carry away waste substances

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17
Q

veins

A

carry blood to heart
valves to stop blood flowing backwards
wider than arteries
thinner walls

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18
Q

multicellular

A

living thing

made up on many cells

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19
Q

tissue

A

group of cells
similar structure
particular function

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20
Q

organ

A

structure

different types of tissue

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21
Q

growth

A

cell divide

young grow and mature

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22
Q

cell division

A

cells divide
make copies of selves
as organism grows

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23
Q

masturbation

A

humans sexually mature

sex organs able to make sex cells

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24
Q

ovulation

A

release of egg

from ovary

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25
Digestive system functions
Pass food along alimentary canal Absorb digestive juices Absorb digested nutrients Excrete undigested food
26
Functions occur
Ingestion Absorption Assimilation Egestion
27
Enzymes
Amylase- starch into sugar Protease- proteins into amino acid Lipase- fats into fatty acids and glycerol
28
Urinary system
2 kidneys 2 ureters Urinary bladder Urethra
29
Kidney
Primary organ Filter blood Remove waste Excrete wastes in urine
30
Urinary bladder
Temporary storage reservoir for urine Muscle- detrusor Relaxes to fill Contracts during urination
31
Ureter
Narrow tube 25cm Carry urine from kidney to urinary bladder Renal pelvis to urinary bladder
32
Urethra
Thin-walled tube Urine bladder to outside Female- short Male- longer urine+ semen
33
Capsule
Protective layer | Connective tissue
34
Renal vein
Transports filtered, purify blood | Rich in CO2 to heart
35
Renal artery
Transports oxygenated blood Rich in waste products To kidney for purification
36
Pelvis
Funnel | Collects urine from calyces
37
Cortex
Outer layer | 1 million Malpighian bodies
38
Medulla
Inner layer Cone-shaped pyramids Striated appearance- tubules of nephrons
39
Greater calyx | Lesser calyx
Both collect urine | Lead to pelvis
40
Tricuspid valve
Right atrium | Right ventricle
41
Pulmonic valve
Right ventricle | Pulmonary artery
42
Mitral valve
Left atrium | Left ventricle
43
Aortic valve
Left ventricle | Aorta
44
Kidney functions
Remove waste of cellular metabolism from blood | Regulate concentration of substances in body fluids
45
Nephron made of
Glomerulus- network of capillaries Bowman’s capsule- cup-like structure Surrounding glomerulus
46
Nephron stages
Filtration- filtered out Reabsorption- reabsorbed by active transport From renal tubule into capillaries
47
Kidney diseases
Kidney stones Dialysis Transplants
48
Digestive health issues
Ulcers Anorexia nervosa Diarrhea Liver cirrhosis
49
Circulatory health issues
High blood pressure Heart attack Stroke
50
Respiratory system
Absorb oxygen from air into blood | Get rid of CO2
51
Respiratory health issues
Asthma Lung cancer Bronchitis Asbestosis
52
Reproduction health issues
Infertility Foetal alcohol syndrome STDs
53
Respiration
Release of energy from food in body cells
54
Respiration in body cells
Oxygen breakdown glucose release energy Mitochondria Energy used for other processes Glucose+ oxygen- energy+ CO2+ water
55
Ingestion
Food taken up in mouth | Mechanical+ chemical digestion starts
56
Absorbtion
Products of digestion dissolve in water | Transported across walls- small intestine into bloodstream
57
Assimilation
``` Using nutrients From food Carried to cells Energy Structural repair,growth,energy ```
58
Egestion
Material not digested Passed out anus Faeces
59
Liver
``` Bile Digestive juice Breakdown fats Stored in gall bladder Bile duct into small intestine ```
60
Pancrease
Juices pass through duct To small intestine Continue chemical breakdown
61
Chewing
Breaks big pieces into small | Saliva breakdown starchy food
62
Swallowing
Tongue push food Throat muscle force down Epiglottis blocks off windpipe
63
Stomach
Enzymes breakdown protein Hydrochloric acid kill bacteria Blended digestive juices
64
Small intestine
Works with juices- breakdown food | Food absorbed into body
65
Large intestine
Indigestible food | Leave body as waste
66
Criteria for aborbtion
Large surface area Surface thin Good blood supply Molecules in close contact with surface
67
Not digested
Minerals Vitamins Water
68
Salivary glands
Under tongue+ in cheeks Produce saliva- mouth moist Chemical digestion

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