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Nutrition 301 > Lifespan Nutrition > Flashcards

Lifespan Nutrition Flashcards

(115 cards)

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1
Q

Energy requirements 0-6m

A

100 kcal/kg

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2
Q

Energy requirement 7-12m

A

80 kcal/kg

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3
Q

Protein requirement 0-6m

A

1.5 g/kg/d

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4
Q

Protein requirement 7-12m

A

1.2 g/kg/d

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5
Q

Protein requirement preemie

A

up to 4 g/kg/d

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6
Q

Fat requirements 0-12m

A

50% of total kcal

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7
Q

Micronutrient recommendations 0-12m

A
  • vitamin D 400IU supplementation
  • iron: weaning with iron rich/fortified foods
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8
Q

Weaning textures

A

6m: semi-soft
6-8m: soft solids, easy to chew
9-12m: harder textures

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9
Q

Goals at 12m

A

drinking from cup not bottle
eating same food as family at meals
self-feeding

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10
Q

Responsive feeding newborns

A

parents choose what milk offered
infants choose where, when, how much

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11
Q

Responsive feeding 1y

A

parents choose what and where
infants choose when and how much

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12
Q

Responsive feeding toddler/preschooler

A

parents choose what, when, where
children choose how much and whether they want to

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13
Q

Responsive feeding school aged children

A

parents choose what, when, where
children choose how much and whether they want to

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14
Q

SIT toddlers and preschoolers

A

not restrained >1h
<2y no screen time
>2y <1h screen time

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15
Q

SIT school aged children

A

<2h screen time

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16
Q

SIT adolescence

A

<2h screen time

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17
Q

SIT older adults

A

<8h sedentary
<3h screen time

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18
Q

SLEEP 1-2y

A

14-17h

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19
Q

SLEEP 3-4y

A

10-13h

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20
Q

SLEEP 5-13y

A

9-11h

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21
Q

SLEEP 14-17y

A

8-10h

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22
Q

SLEEP older adults

A

7-8h

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23
Q

MOVE toddler/preschooler

A

interactive play several times
180 min/d any intensity
60 min/d energetic play

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24
Q

MOVE school aged children

A

light activity several hours
mod-high intensity 60min/d
strength train 3x/w

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25
MOVE adolescence
light activity several hours mod-high intensity 60min/d strength train 3x/w
26
MOVE older adults
light activity several hours mod-high intensity 150min/w strength train 2x/w balance train
27
CHO all age groups
130g
28
Fiber 1-3y
19g
29
Fiber 4-8y
25g
30
Fiber 9-13y (M)
31g
31
Fiber 9-13 (F)
26g
32
Fiber 14-18 (M)
38g
33
Fiber 14-18 (F)
26g
34
Fiber 51+ (M)
30g
35
Fiber 51+ (F)
21g
36
Linoleic acid/linolenic acid 1-3y
7g / 0.7g
37
Linoleic acid/linolenic acid 4-8y
10g / 0.9g
38
Linoleic acid/linolenic acid 9-13 (M)
12g / 1.2g
39
Linoleic acid/linolenic acid 9-13 (F)
10g / 1.0g
40
Linoleic acid/linolenic acid 14-18 (M)
16g / 1.6g
41
Linoleic acid/linolenic acid 14-18 (F)
11g / 1.1g
42
Linoleic acid/linolenic acid 51+ (M)
14g / 1.6g
43
Linoleic acid/linolenic acid 51+ (F)
11g / 1.1g
44
Protein 1-3
1.05 g/kg
45
Protein 4-8
0.95 g/kg
46
Protein 9-13 (M)
0.95 g/kg
47
Protein 9-13 (F)
0.95 g/kg
48
Protein 14-18 (M)
0.85 g/kg
49
Protein 14-18 (F)
0.85 g/kg
50
Protein 51+ (M)
0.8 g/kg
51
Protein 51+ (F)
0.8 g/kg
52
Micronutrient concerns toddlers/preschoolers
Fe, Ca, D, K+
53
Micronutrient concerns school aged children
Fe, Ca, D, A, Mg, Zn, K+
54
Micronutrient concerns adolescence
D, Ca, Mg, A, P, B12, folate, Zn, Fe, B6
55
Tanner stage 1
prepubertal prepubertal none
56
Tanner stage 2
small raised bug growth of scrotum and testes sparse growth
57
Tanner stage 3
raising of breast and areola growth of penis increased coarsening and curling
58
Tanner stage 4
projection of areola and nipple increased glands and growth adult type hair with less spread
59
Tanner stage 5
mature adult contour mature adult shape and size adult type and quantity
60
Primary hallmarks/cause of damage
1. genomic instability 2. telomere attrition 3. epigenetic alterations 4. protein homeostasis
61
Antagonistic hallmarks/responses to damage
5. deregulated nutrient sensing 6. mitochondrial dysfunction 7. cellular senescence
62
Integrative/culprits of phenotype
8. stem cell exhaustion 9. altered intercellular communication
63
10 body changes with aging
1. oral, dental, vision, olfactory 2. gastrointestinal 3. skeletal muscle 4. bone 5. cardiovascular and pulmonary 6. renal 7. skin 8. cognitive 9. immune system 10. neuroendocrine
64
Aging protein requirements
1-1.3 g/kg/d to prevent lean mass loss
65
Aging fiber requirements
GI health, T2D, CVD, hypertension
66
Aging calcium requirements
from 1000 mg to 1200 mg
67
Aging vit D requirements
from 600 IU to 800 IU
68
Aging vit B6 requirements
immunity - 50 mg
69
Aging vit B12 requirements
less IF so harder to absorb macrocytic megaloblastic anemia Shillings test
70
Aging iron requirements
from 18 mg to 8 mg more likely to have good iron stores than be iron deficient
71
Aging fluid requirements
portable reminders flavoring different sources
72
Skeletal muscle during aging
- age related decrease in muscle volume - age related decrease in MPS - decrease in muscle fibers - decrease in muscle fiber quality - decrease in anabolic hormones
73
Dietary strategies to mitigate muscle loss
- protein - highly digestible, essential aa, leucine - 30-30-30 even distribution - dairy products (calcium + vit D) - omega 3
74
Long healthspan practices
- plant based nutrient dense diet - regular physical activity and active living - avoiding excess - social interaction - value rest/relaxation - purpose in life - not smoking - alcohol in moderation - maintaining healthy body weight
75
Balance training
- anticipatory control - dynamic control - functional stability control - reactive balance control
76
5A framework
- aware - adjust - assist - align - advocate
77
Nutrigenomics
how diet can influence genes
78
Nutrigenetics
how genetic variation can influence metabolism
79
Type of neural tube defects
- anencephaly - encephaly - spina bifida
80
Folate RDA for pregnant women
from 400 ug to 600 ug
81
Embryonic period week 1
- blastocyst cavity - embryoblast (inner mass) - trophoblast (outer layer) - implantation
82
Embryonic period week 2
embryoblast becomes 2 layers - epiblast layer: ectoderm and mesoderm - hypoblast: endoderm development of lacunae
83
Embryonic period week 3
ectoderm: CNS, PNS, epidermic endoderm: respiratory, GI, liver, pancreas, bladder mesoderm: muscle, skeleton, blood, reproductive
84
Embryonic period week 4-8
4 - heart pumps blood, neural tube closes 5-6 - brain and facial features 7-8 - limb development, GIT formation
85
Maternal anabolic phase
10% fetal growth increased blood volume and organs increased fat, glycogen, nutrient stores increased appetite increased anabolic hormones (insulin)
86
Maternal catabolic phase
90% fetal growth mobilization of stores accelerated fasting metabolism increased appetite and food intake increased catabolic hormones (glucagon)
87
Pregnancy healthy weight gain
total weight 25-35 lb 1lb/week in 2nd and 3rd tri
88
Energy recommendations for 2nd and 3rd tri
2nd: extra 340 kcal/d 3rd: extra 452 kcal/d CFG: extra 2-3 servings/d from any food group
89
Carbohydrate early pregnancy
enhanced insulin secretion glucose to glycogen as stores estrogen and progesterone mediated
90
Carbohydrate late pregnancy
maternal insulin resistance decreased sensitivity less glucose uptake into cells preferential use of fat
91
CHO RDA pregnancy
175g
92
Fat early pregnancy
estrogen progesterone insulin favor fat deposition increased levels of TG, FA, C
93
Fat late pregnancy
hPL favours lipolysis and mobilization of fat stores increased fax oxidation increased fetal uptake of FA
94
Fat AI pregnancy
13g / 1.3g DHA: 200 mg/d (2-4 servings of fish)
95
Protein late pregnancy
decreased amino acid oxidation decreased urea synthesis increased transfer to fetus
96
Protein RDA pregnancy
1.1 g/kg
97
Iron RDA pregnancy
from 18 mg to 27 mg supplement
98
Calcium RDA pregnancy
stays at 1000 mg
99
vit D RDA pregnancy
stays at 600 IU
100
vit A RDA pregnancy
stays at 770 ug RAE
101
What to supplement during pregnancy
400 ug folic acid 16-20 mg iron
102
FIIT physical activity
frequency - 3x/w intensity - appropriate HR time - start with 15 min type - non weight bearing low impact endurance exercise using large muscle groups
103
4 adaptions to post natal life
physiological - GI function and peristalsis protective - mucosal barrier function biochemical - plasma glucose decreases, insulin reduction, glucagon increase developmental - feeding
104
Apgar score
appearance pulse grimace activity respiration
105
breastfeeding benefits for infant
contains all nutrients in ideal proportions helps develop intestinal tract and immune system lower risk of infection and allergies enhanced cognitive development lower risk of obesity
106
breastfeeding benefits for mother
economical and generally convenient promotes weight loss psychological benefits from physical contact delayed return of fertility lower risk of breast and ovarian cancer
107
Energy content of breastmilk
0.67 kcal/g 55% lipid 38% lactose 7% protein
108
Supplements for newborn
vit K - 1mg IM at birth vit D - 400 IU/d drops
109
Energy recommendations lactating
0-6 - extra 330 kcal 7-12 - extra 400 kcal
110
CHO RDA lacting
210g
111
Protein RDA lactating
1.3g/kg
112
Fat RDA lactating
13g / 1.3g
113
Fluid RDA lactating
3.8L
114
Choline AI lactating
550 mg
115
Breastfeeding protects against obesity and T2D
breastfed grows slower insulin and IGF1 lower responsiveness to hunger and satiety cues neuroendocrine programming

Nutrition 301 (7 decks)

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