Vitamins and Minerals Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
Thiamin RDA
A
by energy intake
M - 1.2 mg
No UL
2
Q
Riboflavin RDA
A
by energy intake
M - 1.3 mg
No UL
3
Q
Niacin RDA
A
by energy intake
Niacin equivalents
M - 16 mg
UL - 35 mg
4
Q
Pyridoxine RDA
A
by protein intake
M - 1.3 mg
UL - 100 mg
5
Q
Biotin RDA
A
AI
M - 30 ug
No UL
6
Q
Folate RDA
A
dietary folate equivalent
M - 400 ug
UL - 1000 ug
7
Q
Cobalamin RDA
A
M - 2.4 ug
No UL
8
Q
Vitamin C RDA
A
M - 90 mg
UL - 2000 mg
9
Q
Vitamin E RDA
A
M - 15 mg
UL - 1000 mg
10
Q
Vitamin A RDA
A
retinol activity equivalents
M - 900 ug
UL - 3000 ug
11
Q
Iron RDA
A
M - 8 mg
F - 18 mg
UL - 45 mg
12
Q
Sodium RDA
A
AI
M - 1.5 g
UL - 2.3 g
13
Q
Chloride RDA
A
AI
M - 2.3 g
UL - 3.6 g
14
Q
Potassium RDA
A
AI
M - 4.7 g
No UL
15
Q
Calcium RDA
A
M - 1000 mg
UL - 2500 mg
16
Q
Phosphorous RDA
A
M - 700 mg
UL - 4000 mg
17
Q
Vitamin D RDA
A
M - 600 IU
UL - 4000 IU
18
Q
Vitamin K RDA
A
AI
M - 120 ug
No UL
19
Q
Magnesium RDA
A
M - 400 mg
No UL
20
Q
Zinc RDA
A
M - 11 mg
UL - 40 mg
21
Q
Copper RDA
A
M - 900 ug
UL - 10000 ug
22
Q
Manganese RDA
A
AI
M - 2.3 mg
UL - 11 mg
23
Q
Selenium RDA
A
M - 55 ug
UL - 400 ug
24
Q
Chromium RDA
A
AI
M - 35 ug
No UL
25
Iodine RDA
M - 150 ug
UL - 1100 ug
26
Thiamin sources
whole grains, nuts, legumes, enriched flour
27
Riboflavin sources
dairy, eggs, meat, leafy veg, enriched flour
28
Niacin sources
meat, legumes, eggs, peanuts, dairy
29
Pyridoxine sources
widely
meat, unprocessed cereals
30
Biotin sources
not in fortified
meat, nuts, cereals, veg, milk, fruit
gut
31
Folate sources
liver, green veg, legumes
32
Cobalamin sources
animal products
tea, mushrooms, seaweed, fermented
33
Vitamin C sources
fruit, veg
34
Vitamin E sources
oil seeds, veg oil, nuts, orange and green veg, enriched flour
35
Vitamin A sources
green and orange fruit and veg
36
Iron sources
clams, oysters, red meat, turkey, beans, spinach, fortified cereals
37
Sodium sources
processed foods, condiments, canned goods, cured meat
38
Potassium sources
fruit, veg
39
Calcium sources
dairy, tofu, green veg, juice
40
Phosphorous sources
widely
protein, dairy, processed food, grain
41
Vitamin D sources
fatty fish, eggs, beef, dairy, mushrooms
42
Vitamin K sources
green leafy veg, soybeans, oils, gut
43
Magnesium sources
widely
legumes, leafy veg, nuts, grains, meat
44
Zinc sources
seafood, meat, whole grains
45
Copper sources
organ meat, nuts, beef
46
Manganese sources
whole grains, nuts, teas
47
Selenium sources
soil (volcanic)
meat, brazil nuts, seeds
48
Chromium sources
lettuce, tomato, broccoli, beer, beef, orange juice
49
Iodine sources
soil (ocean)
table salt, seafood, potato, beans
50
Thiamin interactions
none
51
Riboflavin interactions
activates B6
activates folate
activates niacin
52
Niacin interactions
synthesis from trp requires B2, B6, vit C
53
Pyridoxine interactions
PNP to PLP requires B2
kynureniase in trp metabolism
54
Biotin interactions
none
55
Folate interactions
SMHT requires B6
MTHFR requires B2 and B3
MS requires B12
excess can mask B12 def
56
Cobalamin interactions
needed for MS
57
Vitamin C interactions
detox - vit E, GSH (selenium), B3
58
Vitamin E interactions
complementary with vit C and selenium
inhibits B-carotene and vit K
59
Vitamin A interactions
none
60
Iron interactions
vit C enhances
calcium inhibits
erythropoiesis requires B12 and folate
61
Sodium and Potassium interactions
Na/K ATPase requires magnesium
62
Calcium interactions
increased by vit D
63
Vitamin D interactions
increases plasma calcium
64
Vitamin K interactions
none
65
Magnesium interactions
competes with Ca, P, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn
reabsorption requires vit K
66
Zinc, Copper, Manganese interactions
ceruloplasmin oxidizes Fe2+
calcium and phytates inhibit
67
Selenium interactions
co dependent on vit E
68
Chromium interactions
none
69
Iodine interactions
none
70
Thiamin active form
TPP
71
Thiamin transporter
SLC19A2
72
Thiamin role
- oxidative decarboxylation of a-keto acids
- transketolation of PPP sugars
- oxidation of phytanic acid
73
Thiamin status
transketolase activity
74
Thiamin alcohol def
Wernicke - neurological
Korsakoff - psychosis
75
Thiamin def
wet beriberi - cardio, high PA, high carb
dry beriberi - neuro, low PA, low cal
76
Riboflavin active form
FMN and FAD
77
Riboflavin transporter
RFT1
78
Riboflavin role
- energy production
- detox
- activates B6 and folate
- synthesis of niacin from trp
79
Riboflavin status
erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient
80
Niacin active form
NAD and NADPH
81
Niacin role
- energy production
- catabolism of glucose, FA, ketones, aa
- detox
- non-cofactor role - ADP-ribosylation
- nicotinic acid - lipid lowering
82
Niacin def
pellagra
3Ds: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia
83
Pyridoxine active form
PLP
84
Pyridoxine role
- transamination
- decarboxylation - neurotransmitter syn
- transsulfuration - homocysteine to pyruvate
- trp metabolism
- heme synthesis
- glycogen breakdown
85
Pyridoxine def
rare
86
Biotin active form
carboxybiotin
87
Biotin role
- pyruvate carboxylase
- propionyl CoA carboxylase
- acetyl CoA carboxylase
- 3-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase
- non enzyme: gene transcription, glucose uptake, insulin release, histone
88
Biotin transporter
multivitamin transporter
89
Biotin def
inborn errors
- holocarboxylase synthetase def (dermatitis, alopecia, acidosis)
- biotinidase def (seizures, ataxia, developmental)
- raw egg whites/avidin binds biotin
90
Folate role
- methylation
- nucleic acid synthesis
- aa metabolism
91
Folate transporter
RFC and FBP
92
Folate def
- megaloblastic anemia
- cancer
- birth defects
93
Cobalamin role
- MS
- methyl malonyl CoA to succinyl CoA
94
Cobalamin def
- pernicious anemia
- Addisonian - genetic, no IF
- Non-addisonian - gastrectomy, age, inadequate IF
- neuropathy
95
Vit C role
- monooxygenases: dopamine to NE
- dioxygenases: proline + lysine to collagen
- antioxidant
- nHFe absorption
- recycles BH4 for NO synthesis
96
Vit C transporter
SVCT1 - low aff, high cap
SVCT2 - high aff, low cap
97
Vit C def
scurvy
4Hs: hemorrhagic, hyperkeratosis, hypochondriasis, hematological
98
Vit E active form
- RRR-a-tocopherol
99
Vit E role
- lipophilic antioxidant
- steroidogenesis - cytp450
- reproduction - spermatogenesis and placentation
100
Vit E transporter
NPC1-L1, SR-B1, CD36
101
Vit E def
familial isolated vit E def (can't release from liver to circ)
- hemolytic anemia
102
Vit E tox
inhibit vit K blood clotting
103
Vit A active form
11-cis-retinal
all-trans retinoic acid
104
Vit A def
- night blindness, corneal keratinization, impaired immunity, impaired growth, birth defects
