LIGHT REACTION AND DARK REACTION

Question 1

All the food
we eat and the fossil fuels we burn
are products of ________.

Answer 1

photosynthesis

Question 2

turn solar energy into food
which is nice of them because
animals can’t eat sunshine.

Answer 2

Plants

Question 3

When animals eat plants and other animals,
that original solar energy is passed along
the_______ .

Answer 3

food chain

Question 4

is the process that converts solar energy
into chemical energy that is used by biological systems
(that means us).

Answer 4

Photosynthesis

Question 5

Photosynthesis has 3 major events:

Answer 5

1. Sunlight is converted into chemical energy
2. Water (H2O) is split into oxygen (O2)
3. Carbon dioxide (CO2
   ) is fixed into sugars (C6H12O6)

Question 6

Photosynthesis is carried out by:

Answer 6

certain bacteria
plants
cyanobacteria
certain bacteria
most algae phytoplankton

Question 7

These organisms are known as ______ or
producers meaning they
make their own food and
energy from the sun.

Answer 7

photoautotrophs

Question 8

Consumers such as –_______ and _____depend on the products
of photosynthesis that producers
make to live.

Answer 8

herbivores and
carnivores

Question 9

is a
sugar and its molecular
structure looks like this.

Answer 9

Glucose (C6H12O6
)

Question 10

produce sugars as a source of food.
However, they produce way more than they
need to survive. This is a great benefit for all
the species that depend on glucose for energy.

Answer 10

Plants

Question 11

All biological energy comes from_____.

Answer 11

glucose

Question 12

During photosynthesis, plants
produce _____ when
they convert light energy into
chemical energy. The chemical
energy is stored in the _______.

Answer 12

glucose molecules
bonds of glucose.

Question 13

Plants also use the
_____ they produce for
_____. When plants
produce excess glucose
they store it in their
_____.

Answer 13

glucose
energy
leaves

Question 14

When ____
digest plants, they
are breaking down
the glucose bonds
to release stored
energy to power
their bodies.

Answer 14

animals

Question 15

______can be broken
apart from energy to power reactions.

Answer 15

Glucose molecules

Question 16

Plants can also make glucose into carbohydrate
chains called _____.

Answer 16

polysaccharides

Question 17

poly =
saccharide =

Answer 17

poly = many
saccharide = carbohydrate

Question 18

Glucose is a _____

Answer 18

monosaccharide.

Question 19

mono =
saccharide =

Answer 19

mono= one
saccharide = glucose

Question 20

is a simple sugar
because it is one of the smallest
units of carbohydrates.

Answer 20

Glucose

Question 21

There are 2 polysaccharide chains in plants:

Answer 21

cellulose
starch

Question 22

is the structural
component of cell walls.

Answer 22

Cellulose

Question 23

is a long term energy store that
the plant can use later.

Answer 23

starch

Question 24

_____are full of round flattened discs
called______.

Answer 24

Chloroplasts,
thylakoids

Question 25

are a plastid or plant cell organelle

Answer 25

Chloroplasts

Question 26

A stack of thylakoids is called a _____.

Answer 26

granum.

Question 27

are where photosynthesis occurs.

Answer 27

Chloroplasts

Question 28

is the space inside chloroplasts

Answer 28

Stroma

Question 29

A very long time ago, plant cells were once ancient eukaryotic cells that had enveloped a______ .

Answer 29

cyanobacteria

Question 30

Eventually, the cyanobacteria became a part of the cell and dependent upon it for life which in turn gave the cell the ability to ______.

Answer 30

photosynthesize

Question 31

A very long time ago, plant cells were once ancient eukaryotic cells that had enveloped a cyanobacteria. Eventually, the cyanobacteria became a part of the cell and dependent upon it for life which in turn gave the cell the ability to photosynthesize. This is called the _______. (endo =)

Answer 31

This is called the endosymbiotic theory. (endo = inside

Question 32

are also believed to have been engulfed by ancient eukaryotic cells through endosymbiosis.

Answer 32

Mitochondria

Question 33

Cyan comes from the Greek word cyanin which means aqua colored.

Answer 33

Cyanobacteria

Question 34

Not all bacteria that undergo photosynthesis are cyanobacteria but all cyanobacteria are

Answer 34

photosynthetic bacteria

Question 35

are not cyanobacteria but were the first bacteria discovered that can photosynthesize

Answer 35

purple bacteria

Question 36

undergo photosynthesis in lakes, ponds, and oceans.

Answer 36

Cynobacteria

Question 37

Cyanobacteria lack

Answer 37

chloroplasts

Question 38

Photosynthesis in plants happens in the _____.

Answer 38

chloroplasts

Question 39

chloroplasts are full of ___ stacked in _____.

Answer 39

thylakoids, granum

Question 40

The ______ are lined by pigments such as chlorophyll and cartenoids.

Answer 40

thylakoid membranes

Question 41

The thylakoid membranes are lined by pigments such as _______and _____.

Answer 41

chlorophyll and cartenoid

Question 42

is a green pigment and is the most abundant.

Answer 42

Chlorophyll

Question 43

____absorbs all wavelength colors except green, which is reflected off giving plants their green appearance.

Answer 43

Chlorophyll

Question 44

These pigments harvest light energy packets or ______when they absorb sunlight.

Answer 44

photons

Question 45

capture light energy to power photosynthesis.

Answer 45

Light reactions or “light dependent reactions”

Question 46

Light reactions occur during the

Answer 46

day time

Question 47

light reactions takes place in

Answer 47

thylakoids

Question 48

Pigments in the thylakoid membranes form protein complexes called ______ and ____.

Answer 48

Photosystem I and Photosystem II

Question 49

These photosystems harvest _____to charge up____carrying molecules that will power the dark reactions.

Answer 49

photons , energy

Question 50

do not need light energy to power their reactions and can occur day or night.

Answer 50

Dark reactions or “light independent

Question 51

Discovered by three scientists, the dark reactions are also called the _____ or just _____

Answer 51

Calvin-Bensen-Bassham cycle or just Calvin Cycle.

Question 52

Dark reactions occur in the ______ of chloroplasts (the space that surrounds thylakoids) and fix carbon dioxide into glucose.

Answer 52

stroma

Question 53

Energy Carrying Molecules of Light Reactions

Answer 53

ATP AND NADP+

Question 54

can hold excited electrons (e-) charged from the light energy harvested by chlorophyll to become ____.

Answer 54

NADP+, NADPH

Question 55

passes the electron it’s holding to power the dark reactions and reverts back to NADP+.

Answer 55

NADPH

Question 56

is called the “cellular currency” because it is used to power all the reactions that take place in the cells of all living things

Answer 56

ATP

Question 57

When ______ is broken off it releases energy that the cell can use.

Answer 57

ATP’s third phosphate

Question 58

is made when a third phosphate group is added to ADP (diphosphate, di = two

Answer 58

ATP

Question 59

The energy absorbed by the chlorophyll during the light reactions is used to power ______that breaks the bonds of water absorbed through the plant’s roots.

Answer 59

photosystem II

Question 60

When water molecules break apart, the remaining two hydrogen atoms have a positive charge and are called .

Answer 60

protons

Question 61

When water molecules break apart, the remaining two hydrogen atoms have a positive charge and are called protons. These protons are kept inside the ___by the_____.

Answer 61

thylakoid, thylakoid membrane

Question 62

When there are more protons inside the thylakoid than in the stroma outside, protons want to leave the ______thylakoid.

Answer 62

crowded

Question 63

When the protons (H+) cross the membrane to leave, a_____ uses their passage to power ATP production

Answer 63

protein

Question 64

The protein ____ attaches a phosphate group to ADP (D = di or two) making it ATP (T = tri or three).

Answer 64

ATP synthase

Question 65

The light energy absorbed by chlorophyll also powers _____that charges up the energy carrier molecule NADP+ into NADPH.

Answer 65

photosystem I

Question 66

are absorbed by the pigments to power photosystem I and photosystem II.

Answer 66

Photons

Question 67

splits water molecules into two protons (H+) and oxygen atoms are expelled as O2 gas through the stomata.

Answer 67

Photosystem II

Question 68

______ cross the thylakoid membrane and D power protein complex ATP synthase to make _____

Answer 68

Protons, ATP

Question 69

____ is powered up by photosystem I to make _____ to be used in the dark reactions

Answer 69

NADP+, NADPH

Question 70

_____finish with charged NADPH, ATP, and released O2.

Answer 70

Light dependent reactions

Question 71

_____Also called the Calvin Cycle, the_____ start and end with the same products hence “cycle”.

Answer 71

dark reactions, dark reactions

Question 72

All the dark reactions take place in the_____ of the chloroplast.

Answer 72

stroma

Question 73

The Calvin Cycle starts with ______ and_____. An enzyme called ______ combines them into an unstable intermediate.

Answer 73

RuBP molecules and carbon dioxide molecules. Rubisco

Question 74

is the starting molecule and ending molecule of the Calvin Cycle. It will be remade at the end of the cycle so that the cycle can begin again

Answer 74

RuBP

Question 75

Since the intermediate of combined RuBP and CO2 is unstable it quickly splits in half and form_____ which are stable.

Answer 75

2 molecules of 3-PGA

Question 76

The_____ and _____ from the light reactions provide the energy to convert the two molecules of 3-PGA into their final form G3P

Answer 76

ATP and NADPH

Question 77

are joined to make a glucose molecule.

Answer 77

2 G3P

Question 78

The left overs are reused in the light reactions to remake _____and___

Answer 78

ATP and NADPH

Question 79

Not all____ is made into glucose.

Answer 79

G3P

Question 80

The______ occurs in every stroma in every chloroplast in every plant cell every second of every day.

Answer 80

Calvin Cycle

Question 81

____converts the carbon from carbon dioxide into glucose in the stroma. This is called_____ because carbon is fixed into another form.

Answer 81

The calvin Cycle carbon fixation

Question 82

is carried out in two steps.

Answer 82

Photosynthesis

Question 83

are the producers of the biosphere creating the oxygen and glucose needed for most organisms.

Answer 83

Plants

Question 84

are the site of photosynthesis in plants

Answer 84

Chloroplasts

Question 85

contain thylakoids where the light reactions take place.

Answer 85

Chloroplasts

Question 86

convert sunlight into ATP and NADPH.

Answer 86

Light reactions

Question 87

The _____uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 into sugar

Answer 87

dark reactions or Calvin Cycle

Question 88

cooperate to convert light energy into chemical energy housed in glucose.

Answer 88

The light reactions and the dark reaction

Question 89

use glucose to power metabolic processes.

Answer 89

Plants and animals

Question 90

The ____ provides the energy for the reaction

Answer 90

sunlight

Question 91

Freed oxygen atoms bind with each other to form the __.

Answer 91

gas 02

Question 92

_____is a by product of photosynthesis not used by the plant so it is released through the stomata of plants.

Answer 92

O2

Question 93

_____ (Greek for mouth) are little pores in leaves that open and close to let oxygen out and carbon dioxide in.

Answer 93

Stomata