Limbic System

Question 1

What are the four categories of limbic system functions?

Answer 1

Olfaction
Memory
Emotions and drives
Homeostasis

Question 2

Structure responsible for olfaction

Answer 2

Olfactory cortex

Question 3

Structure responsible for memory

Answer 3

Hippocampal formation

Question 4

Structure responsible for emotions and drives

Answer 4

Amygdala

Question 5

Structures responsible for homeostasis

Answer 5

Hypothalamus

Question 6

What are the parts of the limbic system?

Answer 6

Limbic cortex (limbic lobe)
Hippocampal formation
Amygdala

Question 7

The limbic cortex is made up of ….. (3)

Answer 7

Cingulate gyrus
Parahippocampal gyrus (includes uncus)
Septal area (includes subcallosal gyrus)

Question 8

The hippocampal formation is made of what type of cortex? How many layers does it have?

Answer 8

Archicortex
3 layers

Question 9

The olfactory cortex is made up of what type of cortex? How many layers does it have?

Answer 9

Paleocortex
3 to 5 layers

Question 10

The neocortex has ___ layers and makes up ___% of the human cerebral cortex

Answer 10

6 layers
90%

Question 11

The olfactory system is made up of what 3 parts?

Answer 11

Olfactory nerve
Olfactory bulb
Olfactory cortex

Question 12

The olfactory bulb contains

Answer 12

Mitral and tufted cells

Question 13

The olfactory cortex contains

Answer 13

Piriform and periamygdaloid cortex

Question 14

What is the function of the hippocampal formation?

Answer 14

Formation of new memories and learning

Question 15

Declarative memory vs nondeclarative memory

Answer 15

Declarative: conscious recollection of facts or experiences
Nondeclarative: nonconscious learning of skills, habits and other acquired behaviors

Question 16

What occurs with memory during amnesia?

Answer 16

Declarative memory loss (cannot memorize new events well), nondeclarative memory stays intact

Question 17

Declarative memory includes

Answer 17

Facts, events

Question 18

Nondeclarative memory includes

Answer 18

Skills and habits
Priming
Simple classical conditioning
Nonassociative learning

Question 19

What is retrograde amnesia?

Answer 19

Lose memories of past

Question 20

What is anterograde amnesia?

Answer 20

Cannot form new memories even as soon as past 5 minutes

Question 21

Damage to the hippocampal formation leads to

Answer 21

Profound anterograde amnesia, nondeclarative memory is unaffected

Question 22

What are the parts of the hippocampal formation?

Answer 22

Dentate gyrus
Hippocampus
Subiculum

Question 23

What are the symptoms of Alzheimer’s?

Answer 23

Lose LTM (anterograde amnesia, cannot learn new facts or events)
Abnormalities with cognition, orientation, behavior

Question 24

Pathology of Alzheimer’s

Answer 24

Neurons in the hippocampal formation and parahippocampal gyrus degenerate

Question 25

What are the symptoms of Korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 25

Lose long term memory (anterograde amnesia) Tendency to fabricate false accounts of recent events

Question 26

What is the pathology of Korsakoff syndrome

Answer 26

Neurons in medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus, hippocampal formation, mammilary nuclei (hypothalamus)

Question 27

Korsakoff syndrome is typically due to

Answer 27

Chronic alcoholism, nutritional deficiencies such as thiamine deficiency

Question 28

The main function of the amygdala is .... The amygdala is also an active participant in ....

Answer 28

Emotions and drives All four limbic system functions

Question 29

What are the symptoms of Kluver-Bucy syndrome?

Answer 29

Placid behavior, decreased emotions, hyperattentive, hypersexual, visual agnosia

Question 30

What is the pathology of Kluver-Bucy Syndrome?

Answer 30

Bilateral lesion of amygdaloid complex

Question 31

What is the septal area of the brain? What is its function?

Answer 31

Portion just anterior and inferior to the corpus callosum Function is to organize addictive behavior, act as reward or pleasure center input from hippocampus

Question 32

The septal area has reciprocal connections with ...

Answer 32

Amygdala Hypothalamus Cingulate gyrus of limbic cortex

Question 33

What are the 3 subdivisions or zones of the hypothalamus?

Answer 33

Periventricular (light shading) Medial (darker solid shading) Lateral (Patterned shading)

Question 34

What are the four regions of the hypothalamus?

Answer 34

Preoptic area (anterior) Supraoptic (anterior) Tuberal (middle) Mammilary (posterior)

Question 35

What are the symptoms of hypothalamic syndrome?

Answer 35

Diabetes insipidus Endocrine imbalance Impairment of temperature regulation Abnormalities of sleep patterns Behavioral changes

Question 36

What is the pathology of hypothalamic syndrome?

Answer 36

Lesion of hypothalamus