Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

501 Neuro > N1 Nervous System Overview > Flashcards

N1 Nervous System Overview Flashcards

1
Q

The neuron is also referred to as the ____ cell of the nervous system

A

Functional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The structural portion of the nervous system refers to the ___ and contains the ____ and _____

A

Anatomy (think of the anatomical structures)
CNS (Central Nervous System)
PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The structures of the CNS are encased by ____ while the structures of the ____ are not

A

Bone, PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The PNS contains ____ which are collections of neuron cell bodies and ____ which are collections of axons

A

Ganglia
Nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The CNS is made up of ___ which contains collections of neuron cell bodies and ____ which contains collections of axons and processes

A

Gray matter
White matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The nervous system can also be categorized based on function and breaks down into ____ and _____

A

Somatic (body wall)
Visceral (organs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Afferent pathways are also referred to as ___

A

Sensory meaning that they carry sensory information to the CNS (signals arrive to CNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Efferent pathways are also referred to as ____

A

Motor
Carry outputs to lead to an action being performed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The autonomic nervous system is also referred to as _____
(Think of pathways)

A

Visceral efferent (motor) pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The four lobes of the brain

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The main sulci and fissures are

A

Central sulcus
Lateral fissure also called the Sylvian Fissure
Parietoocipital sulcus
Calcarine Fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves come out of the spinal cord?

A

31
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1-2 coccygeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the conus meduallaris?

A

The cone that forms at the end of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

The horse tail like branches that come off the conus medullaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In the spinal nerve, the posterior root is made up of ____ (type of neuron)

A

Pseudounipolar sensory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In the spinal nerve, the posterior root ganglion is made up of _____

A

Cell bodies of sensory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In the spinal nerve, the anterior root is made up of ___

A

Multipolar motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The autonomic nervous system is made up of the

A

Parasympathetic and sympathetic division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The sympathetic division of the nervous system is referred to as ___ and causes ___

A

Fight or flight
Pupil dilation, bronchodilation, cardiac acceleration, inhibition of digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The parasympathetic division is referred to as ___ and causes ____

A

Rest and digest
Pupil constriction, bronchoconstriction, cardiac deceleration, stimulation of digestion, salivation, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Structures of the sympathetic division of the ANS

A

T1 to L3 levels of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Structures of the parasympathetic division of the ANS

A

Cranial nerves and sacral part of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The CNS is made up of ___ (grey matter) and ___ (white matter)

A

Nuclei, tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The PNS is made up of ___ and ____

A

Ganglia, nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Anterior, posterior, superior, inferior, rostral, caudal,ventral,dorsal
Anterior (towards front) Posterior (towards back) Inferior (towards the bottom) Superior (toward the top) Rostral (towards beak) Caudal (towards tail) Ventral (towards center of earth) Dorsal (towards the sky)
26
What is the horizontal plane?
Parallel with the ground
27
What is the coronal plane?
Think of a crown on the head and then slice down
28
What is a sagittal plane?
Think of separating the brain into two hemispheres
29
What is a neuron?
Functional unit of the nervous system
30
Multipolar neurons compose ____
About 99% of all neurons
31
Pseudounipolar neurons compose _____
Sensory ganglia
32
Bipolar neurons compose _____
Retina, cranial nerve I, cranial nerve VIII
33
The function of dendrites is to ___
Bring input in
34
The purpose of axons is to
Carry the output
35
How many layers does the cerebral cortex have?
Six
36
What are the names of the six layers of the cerebral cortex?
I: Molecular II: External granular III: External pyramidal IV: Internal granular V: Internal pyramidal VI: Multiform
37
The cerebral cortex has pyramidal cells have cell bodies that are ___ shaped
Pyramid
38
The cerebral cortex has Purkinje cells which contain lots of ____
Cell bodies
39
The cell body of a neuron contains what kind of structures?
Nucleus, nucleolus, Nissl Bodies (ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum), golgi complexes, mitochondria, neurofilaments, microtubules
40
Dendrites contain which structures?
Same organelles as the cell body of neuron except the nucleus (Nissl bodies: ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complexes, mitochondria, neurofilaments, microtubules)
41
Pyramidal cells are typically part of ___ systems
Motor
42
Purkinje cells are mainly found in the _____
Cerebellum
43
What structures do axons contain?
Mitochondria, neurofilaments, microtubules
44
Axons DO NOT have ______
Protein making machinery
45
5 notable components of a neuron
Nissl bodies Axon Hillock Initial Segment Internodal segment Node of Ranvier
46
The glial cells of the CNS include
Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, and microglial cells
47
What is the function of oligodendrocytes and what part of the nervous system do they belong to?
Function: Myelination of axons, one can myelinate many axons Located in the CNS Has multiple processes
48
What disease demyelinates neurons of the central nervous system? What is the current treatment for this disease?
Multiple sclerosis Interferon: diminishes the immune response
49
What is the function of astrocytes and what part of the nervous system do they belong to?
Function: regulate extracellular ionic environment, guide migrating neurons during brain development, blood-brain barrier***** Located in the CNS
50
Astrocytes form part of the blood-brain barrier by regulating _____
Tight junctions
51
What is the function of Schwann cells and what part of the nervous system do they belong to?
Function: myelination of axons, one Schwann cell myelinates only one axon, see regeneration with Schwann cells Located in the PNS
52
What are the functions of satellite cells and what part of the nervous system do they belong to?
Support cells Located in the PNS
53
What are the features of the sensory ganglia in the PNS?
-Sensory, think of posterior root ganglia -Contains pseudounipolar neurons -Neuron density is higher -Satellite cells are greater -No synapses
54
What are the features of the autonomic ganglia in the PNS?
-Motor -Multipolar neurons -Neuron density lower -Satellite cells fewer -Contains synapses
55
What is the myelin sheath synapse?
Leads to fast transmission of electrical signals through an axon Presynaptic areas: release neurotransmitters Postsynaptic areas: cause a response
56
What are the features of a myelin sheath?
-Contains up to 50 plasma membrane layers -Created by oligodendrocytes in the CNS -Created by Schwann cells in the PNS
57
What is the internodal segment of a myelin sheath?
Segment that is myelinated and connected to cells that create the myelin sheath
58
In the PNS, myelinated axons are enclosed by up to 50 ______ _____ layers of ___ cells
Plasma membrane Schwann
59
In the PNS, unmyelinated axons are enclosed by _____ of plasma membrane of ___ cells
Invaginations, Schwann
60
What is a synapse?
An area where a neuron makes contact with a target and something happens
61
How do you distinguish a neuromuscular synapse?
Junctional folds in the skeletal muscle Acetylcholine neurotransmitter
62
Axon terminals often have tons of ______ for energy production
Mitochondria
63
CNS synapse: what is an axosomatic synapse?
Axon synapses with cell body (soma)
64
CNS synapse: what is an axodendritic synapse?
Axon synapses on dendrite
65
CNS synapse: what is an axoaxonic synapse?
Axon synapses on another axon

501 Neuro (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions