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Joeli lectures > Limbic system > Flashcards

Limbic system Flashcards

1
Q

What area of the brain is involved in planning, decision making, and social behavior

A

Prefrontal cortex

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2
Q

Damage to prefrontal cortex could cause

A

Blunted affect
Loss of initiative
Loss of inhibition
‘infantile personality’

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3
Q

What area of the brain is associated with motivated behaviors

A

prefrontal cortex

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4
Q

Limbic system is composed of what brain structures (PATCH HO)

A

prefrontal cortex
amygdala
thalamus
cingulate gyrus
hippocampus
hypothalamus
olfactory connections

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5
Q

What system is also referred to as primitive brain or reptilian brain

A

limbic system

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6
Q

Limbic system links conscious function with ___function

A

autonomic function

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7
Q

Hippocampus is really important in what type of memory

A

consolidation of memory (short-term memory)

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8
Q

Damage to hippocampus would cause what type of amnesia

A

anterograde amnesia (long-term memories remain, unable to form new memories)

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9
Q

What structure is considered the aggression center and is in charge of anger, violence, fear, anxiety

A

amygdala

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10
Q

in what disorder do we have hyperactive amygdala

A

PTSD

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11
Q

stimulation of amygdala leads to what

A

anxiety disorders, anger, violence

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12
Q

depression of amygdala leads to what

A

hyper-orality
hyper-sexuality
disinhibition
reckless behavior

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13
Q

Why does depression of amygdala cause those problems?

A

not afraid of what would happen

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14
Q

To what two structures does amygdala have output to?

A

hypothalamus
prefrontal cortex

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15
Q

Amygdala and hypothalamus function

A

HR, visceral and somatic functions

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16
Q

Amygdala and prefrontal cortex

A

tell someone you love them
acts of violence
suppress violent acts

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17
Q

What does the hypothalamus regulate

A

ANS

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18
Q

What regulates body temperature, sleep/wake cycle

A

hypothalamus

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19
Q

what regulates hormone secretion and hormone regulation

A

hypothalamus

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20
Q

through what structures does the hypothalamus regulate hormone secretion and regulation

A

through infundibulum to pituitary gland

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21
Q

What brain structure regulates pain and emotion

A

cingulate gyrus

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22
Q

what brain structure drives conscious response to negative experiences and avoidance of negative consequences

A

Cingulate gyrus

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23
Q

where does the tuberinfundibular pathway originate

A

hypothalamus

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24
Q

through what structures does the tuberoinfundibulnar pathway signal through

A

sends signals through infundibulum to the pituitary

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25
damage to tuberoinfundibular pathway causes what
galactorrhea and amenorrhea
26
Does dopamine inhibit or excite prolactin via D2 receptors
inhibits prolactin via D2 receptors on pituitary lactotroph cells
27
where does nigrostriatal pathway originate
substantia nigra
28
where does nigrostriatal pathway project
originates in substantia nigra and projects to caudate and putamen
29
Nigrostriatal pathway is also referred to as
basal ganglia pathway
30
Damage to nigrostriatal pathway/basal ganglia pathway can lead to what disease
Parkinson's disease
31
Where is ventral Tegmental area positioned
between substantia nigra
32
what type of neurons are found in ventral Tegmental area
dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain
33
ventral tegmental area gives rise to what pathways
mesocortical mesolimbic
34
Ventral tegmental area functions in
cognition emotion behavior reward pathway
35
What pathway gives rise of negative symptoms in schizophrenia
mesocortical
36
what pathway gives rise to positive symptoms in schizophrenia
mesolimbic pathway
37
what pathway is hypoactive in schizophrenia
mesocortical
38
what pathway is hyperactive in schizophrenia
mesolimbic
39
mesocortical pathway originates in VTA and travels to what brain structure
prefrontal cortex
40
When does mesocortical pathway mature
adolescence or young adulthood
41
amphetamines release dopamine in mesocortical pathway leading to what
increased cognition
42
Damage to what pathway impairs control and functioning
mesocortical pathway
43
mesolimbic pathway originates in VTA and projects to what brain structure
nucleus accumbens
44
mesolimbic pathway is also referred to as
reward pathway
45
what pathway mediates feelings of pleasure and reward
mesolimbic pathway
46
from what structure are feelings of rewards generated from in the mesolimbic pathway
nucleus accumbens
47
limbic system connects the mesolimbic pathway with what 2 brain structures
amygdala hippocampus
48
what drugs directly increase dopamine
cocaine amphetamines nicotine
49
what drugs indirectly increase dopamine
opiates alcohol
50
Dysfunction of mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways are implicated in what 2 diseases
schizophrenia autism
51
where does dopamine INITIALLY afire in response to reward
VTA
52
unexepected rewards results in what in terms of dopamine
greater release of dopamine
53
What is the quality of being noticeable or important
salience
54
what pathway enhances motivation properties of cues and rewards
mesolimbic pathway
55
the 'high' we feel is controlled by what brain structure
nucleus accumbens
56
the 'high' is caused by an increase in
synaptic dopamine
57
when ____ pathways capacity is reduced, it leads us to seek artificial rewards over natural rewards
when working memory from MESOCORTICAL pathway capacity is reduced, it leads us to seek artificial rewards over natural rewards
58
Stress and working memory
During times of stress, working memory is decreased
59
what is the primary event that occurs in schizophrenia patients
mesocortical damage
60
Glutamate hypothesis in mesolimbic pathway for schizophrenia
decreased glutamate (NMDA receptors) --> decreased GABA released --> less inhibition of dopaminergic neurons --> increased dopamine from VTA to hippocampus --> psychosis
61
Glutamate hypothesis in mesocortical pathway for schizophrenia
NMDA receptors that directly stimulate dopamine are reduced --> decreased dopamine --> negative symptoms
62
Serotonin receptors primarily implicated in schizophrenia
5-HT2 subtypes
63
People with schizophrenia and nicotine
people with schizophrenia are more likely to be heavy tobacco users that normal population
64
what drug acts of 5-HT2A receptors
LSD
65
what 3 NT are implicated in schizophrenia
serotonin glutamate dopamine
66
depression results from abnormalities in what brain region
cortico-limbic region
67
3 major NT implicated in depression
serotonin dopamine norepinephrine
68
SERotonin and depression
sleep emotion remember (memory)
69
NORepinephrine
No hesitation On alert Recall memory 'cognitive alertness'
70
DOPamine
determination obsession pleasure
71
in autism, there is chronic inflammation and dysfunction to what brain cells
microglia
72
in autism, what NT is increased
glutamate
73
in autism, what NT is decreased
GABA
74
what is the main structure that shows overgrowth in autism
amygdala

Joeli lectures (18 decks)

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