Linux File Mangement

Question 1

Which Linux command displays the current working directory?

Answer 1

pwd (print working directory) – The pwd command is used to display the name of the current working directory in the Linux system using the terminal.

Question 2

Which Linux command displays a listing of all files and subdirectories in the current directory?

Answer 2

ls command - list files or directories in Linux and other Unix-based operating systems. Just like you navigate in your File explorer or Finder with a GUI, the ls command allows you to list all files or directories in the current directory by default, and further interact with them via the command line.

Question 3

Which Linux command navigates between directories?

Answer 3

The cd (change directory) command moves you into a different directory. To move out of that directory, use cd along with the path to some other location, or use double dots to backtrack, or return home to navigate from there.

Question 4

Which Linux commands copy and move data?

Answer 4

cp command

Question 5

Which Linux command deletes data?

Answer 5

The rm command removes the entries for a specified file, group of files, or certain select files from a list within a directory. User confirmation, read permission, and write permission are not required before a file is removed when you use the rm command.

Question 6

Which Linux command can you use to view the contents of files?

Answer 6

cat command

Question 7

Which Linux command can you use to edit a text file?

Answer 7

vim command

Question 8

Which Linux commands manage file and folder ownership and permissions?

Answer 8

chmod u represents permissions for the user owner, chmod g represents other users in the file’s group, chmod o represents other users not in the file’s group. For all users, use chmod a . Maybe you want to change the user owner itself. You can do that with the chown command.

Question 9

man utility_name

Answer 9

A utility used at the shell prompt to view the syntax along with the options that can be used.

Question 9

A system that organizes a computer’s files on a hard drive.

Answer 9

File system

Question 9

One of the oldest Linux file systems.

Answer 9

Second Extended Filesystem (ext2)

Question 9

The fourth-generation file system in the ext file system family.

Answer 9

Fourth Extended Filesystem (ext4)

Question 10

Network File System (NFS)

Answer 10

A distributed file system used for file sharing on Unix and Linux.

Question 11

A file system used for virtual memory.

Answer 11

swap

Question 12

A FAT32 file system for Linux.

Answer 12

Virtual File Allocation Table (VFAT)

Question 12

High performing and flexible file system.

Answer 12

Extended File System (XFS)

Question 12

A Linux file system with copy-on-write functions. Sometimes referred to as butter FS or better FS.

Answer 12

B Tree File System (Btrfs)

Question 12

Linux

Answer 12

open-source operating system

Question 12

distribution

Answer 12

create your own custom version of Linux

Question 13

popular Linux distributions

Answer 13

openSUSE, Fedora, and Ubuntu

Question 14

where you can click on things with a mouse and make selections to bring up applications.

Answer 14

graphical interface

Question 15

(known as shell) allows you to enter commands at the shell prompt to manage the system. The shell is often referred to as the bash (Bourne-again shell) shell

Answer 15

command line interface

Question 16

most common shells names

Answer 16

csh, zsh, and bash

Question 17

root user (linux)

Answer 17

superuser (linux)

Question 18

saves commands entered at the shell prompt.

Answer 18

Command history

Question 19

tries to guess a command you are entering and will complete the command for you if you press the TAB key.

Answer 19

command completion feature

Question 20

Displays the path of the current directory on the screen.

Answer 20

pwd (print working directory)

Question 21

Displays or changes IP configuration settings.

Answer 21

ip

Question 22

Displays a list of files and subdirectories that exist within a directory.

Answer 22

ls

Question 23

Displays a brief summary of how to use the command.

Answer 23

--help

Question 24

Starts a new Bourne-again shell (bash) session.

Answer 24

bash

Question 25

Displays the manual page for a command.

Answer 25

man

Question 26

Displays more extensive documentation about the command.

Answer 26

info

Question 27

Changes directories in the file system.

Answer 27

cd

Question 28

Copies files and directories from one location in the file system to another.

Answer 28

cp

Question 29

Moves and/or renames files and directories from one location or name to another.

Answer 29

mv

Question 30

Deletes files and directories from the file system.

Answer 30

rm

Question 31

Displays the contents of a text file on the screen.

Answer 31

cat

Question 32

Displays the contents of a text file on the screen, pausing the output one screen at a time.

Answer 32

less

Question 33

Displays the first few lines of a text file on the screen.

Answer 33

head

Question 34

Displays the last few lines of a text file on the screen.

Answer 34

tail

Question 35

Edits the contents of a text file. Current Linux systems use vim (an improved version of vi). Executing the vi command will launch the vim executable.

Answer 35

vi/vim

Question 36

Allows you to switch user accounts.

Answer 36

su

Question 37

Shuts down or reboots the system in a secure manner.

Answer 37

shutdown

Question 38

-stores data in a standard directory and file hierarchy. -supports a 2 TB maximum file size. -can store up to 4 TB in size. -File names can be 255 characters long. -supports Linux users, groups, and permissions. -does not use journaling (which is used in most modern file systems). As a result, recovery takes a long time if the system shuts down abruptly. -oldest Linux file systems still available

Answer 38

Second Extended Filesystem (ext2)

Question 38

-Before committing a transaction to a storage device, this system records the transaction to the journal and marks it as incomplete. -After the disk transaction is complete, the file system marks the transaction as complete in the journal. -Journaling allows this system to track of the most recent file transactions and indicates if they were completed. -Journaling allows this system to recover much more quickly than ext2 in the event of an unclean system shutdown. -updated version of ext2 that supports journaling

Answer 38

Third Extended Filesystem (ext3)

Question 38

-Supports file sizes up to 16 TB and disk sizes up to 1 exabyte (EB). -Allows for up to four billion files in the file system. -Uses checksums to verify the integrity of the journal file. -includes all features found with ext2 and ext3

Answer 38

Fourth Extended Filesystem (ext4)

Question 38

used as virtual memory (the portion of the hard disk used to temporarily store portions of main memory) by the operating system.

Answer 38

swap

Question 38

virtual Linux file system that provides access to individual data and audio tracks on compact discs (CDs). A compact disc mounted with the CDfs driver appears as a collection of files, each representing a single track.

Answer 38

Compact Disc File System (CDfs)

Question 38

distributed file system protocol that allows a user on a client computer to access files over a computer network much like local storage is accessed.

Answer 38

Network File System (NFS)

Question 38

-FAT32 file system for Linux -Does not support journaling. -Includes long name support. -Requires support for VFAT to be compiled into the kernel for the system to recognize the VFAT format.

Answer 38

Virtual File Allocation Table (VFAT)

Question 38

-developed for the Silicon Graphics IRIX operating system -Offers smooth data transfers. -Provides journaling. -Can reside on a regular disk partition or on a logical volume.

Answer 38

Extended File System (XFS)

Question 38

-Linux file system that uses a copy-on-write file system. -Using copy-on-write technology, this system provides several key features not found in earlier file systems: storage pools and snapshots

Answer 38

B Tree File System (Btrfs)

Question 38

Btrfs allows you to create storage pools from the storage devices in the system. From the storage pool, you can allocate space to specific storage volumes. You mount storage volumes at mount points in the file system.

Answer 38

Storage pools

Question 39

the snapshot functionality provided by Btrfs protects data. You can configure it to take snapshots of data at specified intervals and save it on separate media. If a file gets lost or corrupted, you can restore a previous version of the file from a snapshot.

Answer 39

snapshots

Question 39

Changes the user or group that owns a file or directory.

Answer 39

chown

Question 39

Changes the group that owns a file or directory.

Answer 39

chgrp

Question 39

Copies file system data using records. It can copy files, directories, partitions, or even entire hard disks.

Answer 39

dd

Question 40

-opens a Bourne-Again Shell (Bash) session. -standard shell used in most Linux computers. -uses commands similar to a UNIX shell and includes: Command completion, Command history, and Improved arithmetic functions

Answer 40

bash

Question 40

displays the IP addresses and subnet masks that are assigned to each network interface on a Linux system.

Answer 40

ip or ifconfig

Question 40

displays the manual page for the cat command. This command is very similar to the help screen, but provides more detail.

Answer 40

man cat

Question 40

instructs the system to shut down and power down.

Answer 40

shutdown -h

Question 40

specifies when to perform the shutdown operation. m is the amount of time (specified in minutes).

Answer 40

shutdown +m

Question 40

instructs the system to reboot after the shutdown.

Answer 40

shutdown -r

Question 40

powers off the machine.

Answer 40

shutdown -p

Question 40

command displays the present working directory

Answer 40

pwd

Question 40

what command is this? shut down and power down the system 10 minutes after displaying the message to all users.

Answer 40

shutdown -h +10

Question 40

what command is this? power down the machine without properly shutting it down. The 10 is missing a + sign before it.

Answer 40

shutdown -p 10

Question 40

what command is this? reboot (not shut down) the machine 10 minutes after displaying the message to the users.

Answer 40

shutdown -r +10

Question 40

what command is this? incorrect syntax, and the 10 is missing the + sign.

Answer 40

shutdown 10 -h

Question 40

modifies the permissions on a files and defines who can access the file and the mode by which the file can be accessed.

Answer 40

chmod

Question 40

command is used to search text.

Answer 40

grep

Question 40

command list the contents of a directory.

Answer 40

ls

Question 40

command lists information on the running processes on a Linux computer.

Answer 40

ps

Question 41

short for "superuser do" or "substitute user do." This command allows a user with proper permissions to execute a command as another user, such as a superuser.

Answer 41

sudo

Question 41

command so that the system will switch you to the root user and require you to enter the root password. You will then be able to perform tasks that require root user administrative privileges. After completing these tasks, you should log out as the root user and return to the standard user account.

Answer 41

su -

Question 41

able to type new text in the file and have existing text that comes after the cursor pushed down.

Answer 41

Insert Mode

Question 41

existing text that comes after the cursor would be replaced when you typed new text.

Answer 41

Replace Mode

Question 41

enter commands to save the file and exit, exit the file without saving, save the file with a new name, or perform similar functions.

Answer 41

Command Line Mode

Question 41

can perform many useful editing tasks, such as cut, paste, copy, and more.

Answer 41

Command Mode,

Answer 47

bash (linux command)

Question 48

-opens a Bourne-Again Shell (Bash) session. -standard shell used in most Linux computers. -uses commands similar to a UNIX shell and includes: Command completion-Command history-Improved arithmetic functions

Answer 48

bash (linux command)

Answer 49

ip or ifconfig

Question 50

displays the IP addresses and subnet masks that are assigned to each network interface on a Linux system.

Answer 50

ip or ifconfig