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Lipid Mediators Flashcards

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1
Q

Can Plasma clot

A

Yes, it is the stuff left after you remove the blood cells

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2
Q

Can serum clot

A

NO, you’re removing the blood cells and clotting factors

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3
Q

Chronic inflamation leads to …. and ….

A

chronic inflammation leads to FIBROSIS and SCARRING

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4
Q

Fibrosis….

A

loss of function

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5
Q

Symptoms of Chronic inflammation

A

1) angiogenesis
2) Mononuclear Cell Infilitrate
3) Fibrosis (SCAR)

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6
Q

…. vascular changes, neutrophil recruitment, mediators

A

Acute inflammation

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7
Q

Infarction is …..

A

Acute Inflammation

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8
Q

Replacement of injured cells…

A

Resolution

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9
Q

Pus formation or abcess…

A

from ACUTE inflmmation

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10
Q

Acute inflammation….

A

1) vascular changes
2) neutrophil recruitment
3) mediators

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11
Q

….Angiognenesis, Mononucelar cell infilitrate, Fibrosis (SCAR)

A

Chronic Inflammation

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12
Q

Chemical Mediators have two sources

A

Cellular and Plasma

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13
Q

….have potential to cause damage to self

A

Chemical Mediators

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14
Q

Plasma can lead to ….activation and ….activation

A

Complement Activation

Factor XII (HAGEMAN factor) activation

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15
Q

Autacoids…

A

quickly made and degraded and act locally, respond to specific stimuli

Lipid Mediators

&
Eicosanoids

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16
Q

Liver is a major source of…

A

Plasma

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17
Q

Cellular and Plasma are two sources of ….

A

chemical mediators

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18
Q

Eicosanoids….

A

chemically diverse family of A.A derivatives

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19
Q

other than Eicosanoids, ….are a another type of Autacoids

A

Lipid Mediator

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20
Q

Prednisone inhibits …. of the Lipid Mediator Pathway

A

Phopholipases

PLA2

PLC

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21
Q

T/F Prednisolone raises blood sugar of patient and should be careful in diabetics and prediabetics

A

True

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22
Q

….inhibitors prevent cleavage of A.A from linoelic acid from cell membrane

A

Steroid inhibitors

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23
Q

Zafirlukast and Montelukast are both ….

A

selective & COMPETITIVE (higher Km, Vmax Same) leukotriene receptor ANTAGONIST for LTD4 and LTE4

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24
Q

Aspirin/Celebrex…

A

are Cycloxygenase inhibitors (COX)

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25
A.A cannot be converted to 5' HPETE what inhibitor is causing this...
Zileuton, an inhibitor of 5LOX which converts A.A into 5HPETE/LTA4/5PETE
26
....derivatives of A.A
Eicosanoids which are also considered a type of Autacoids
27
You want to inhibit linoelic acid's conversion to A.A which inhibitor do you use...
Steroids block the cleavage of A.A from cell membrane by blocking PLC and PLA2
28
.... is a 5' LOX inhibitor
Zileuton
29
(Autoacoids/Eicosanoids/Lipid Mediator) is the umbrella term for (Autacoids/Eicosanoids/Lipid Mediator) and (Autocaoids/Eicosanoids/Lipid Mediator)
Autacoids are umbrella term for Eicosanoids (A.A derivatives) and Lipid Meadiators
30
You can't covert A.A into PGG2 what's happening?
There's a COX inhibitor preventing COX from convertint A.A into PGG2
31
A.A. is a 20 carbon polyUNSATURATED Fatty acid derived from two sources..
1) Dietary Sources | 2) conversion from essential fatty acid Linoleic Acid
32
A.A does not.....
occur free in cells, exists as esterified in plasma membrane
33
....liberates A.A from plasma membrane
PLA2 | primarily PLA2, sometime PLC
34
PLA2 has FOUR categories....
1) Structure and SIze 2) Clacium requirement 3) Substrate Specificity 4) Tissue Distribution
35
PLA2 examples of different types
1) Secretory requires sPLA2 Calcium 2) Cytopalsmic cPLA2 require calcium 3) iPLA2 no Calcium 4) PAF acetyl hydrolases
36
A.A can go two pathways....
LOX pathway or COX pathway
37
LOX are present in ...
only a few cell types
38
The primary LOX enzyme in neutrophils are ....
5LOX
39
main product of neutrophils are...
5HETE
40
*....are cysteinyl LTs and a 1000x more POTENT in inducing bronchospasm than HISTAMINE
LTC4, LTD4, LTE4
41
....converts LTA4 into LTC4
LTC4 Synthase
42
....converts LTA4 into LTB4
LTA4 Hydrolase
43
.....are powerful chemotatic agent, recurits leukocyte in inflammation
LTB4 or 5HETE
44
There are 2 ways to get LTB4...
Conversion of 5HETE into LTB4 or conversion of LTA4 into LTB4 via LTA4 hydrolase
45
....converts LTC4 into LTD4
gamma-glutamyl transferase
46
....converts LTD4 into LTE4
dipeptidase
47
*LTC4, LTD4, LTE4...
1) vasoCONSTRICTION 2) Bronchospasm 3) Increased permeability Cysteinyl LTs 1000x more potent than histamine in inducing BRONCHOSPASM
48
Diseases associated with leukotrienes...
1) Astham 2) Inflammatory Bowel Disease 3) Glomerulonephritis
49
Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes have restricted tissue distribution T/F
True
50
....are secreted by Leukocytes and can vasoconstrict
LTC4
51
...are produced by platelets and causes vasoconstrictions
TXA2
52
....produced by endothelieum and vasodilates
PGI2
53
.....produced by smooth muscle one is vasoconstrictive one is vasodilative
PGE2 vasodilative PGF2alpha Vasoconstrictive
54
LTC4 are produced by....
Leukocytes and are Vasocnstrictive
55
TXA2 are produced by...
Platelets and are Vasoconstrictive
56
PGI2 are produced by..
endothelium and are vasodilative
57
PGF2 alpha are produced by...
Smooth muscle and vasoconstrictive
58
PGE2 are produced by...
smooth msucle and DILATIVE
59
Leukotriene Biosynthesis is ....
Transcellular, NEUTROPHILS and PLATELETS
60
..... and .... are from same pathway but have opposing actions
LTs and LX
61
AA is converted to LTA4 in....
Neutrophils
62
LTB4 is converted from .... in the ....
LTB4 is converted from LTA4 in NEUTROPHIL
63
....enzyme is found in Neutrophils that catalyze AA converseion LTA4 then to LTB4
5LOX
64
Main product via 5LOX in NEUTROPHILS are....
5HETE
65
LTA4 found in Platelets are derived from....
Neutrophils
66
LTA4 can be converted either to ..... or ..... in Platelets
LTC4 via LTC4 synthase or LX via 12LOX
67
LXA4 and LXB4 are lipoxins what are their effects
1) Vasodilation 2) INHIBIT NEUTROPHIL chemotaxis/adhesion 3) Stimulate monocyte ADHESION 4) INHIBIT Leukocyte recruitment
68
block cell to cell adhension of Neutrophils and Platelets blocks...
lipoxin production
69
.....inhibits Leukocyte recruitment, inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis/adhesion, maybe negative regulators of leukotriene synthesis
LIPOXINS
70
....bronchospasm, vasodilation, increase vascular permeability
LTC4, LTD4, LTE4
71
COX-1.... expressed
COX-1 CONSTITUTIVELY EXPRESSED
72
COX-2..... expressed
INDUCIBLY
73
COX catalyzes two sequetial enzymatic rxns...
from AA to PGG2 from PGG2 to PGH2
74
....also known as prostaglandin H synthase
COX
75
.....Thromboxane A2 immediate precursor
PGH2
76
PGi2 is vaso... and ..... paletlet aggregation
PGI2 is vasoDILATIVE and INHIBIT platelet aggregation
77
TXA2 is vaso....
VASOCONSTRICTIVE
78
....pain mediation, fever induction
PGE2
79
Both ..... and.... are anti-inflammatory, attenuates immune cell migration, and promotes the apoptosis and clearance of leukocytes
LX and cyPGs
80
.....effects are vasoconstriction, promotes platelet aggregation
TXA2
81
Prostaglandins have both .... and.... functions just like cytokines
prostglandins have both PARACRINE and AUTOCRINE functions just like cytokines
82
.....is PGG2's precursor
AA
83
Effects of prostglandins CAN DIFFER depending on what GPCR receptors is expressed on tissue T/F
True
84
like chemokines, "THEY" produce their effects by acting through distinct..... receptors
PGE2, PGF2, PGD2, PGI2, TXA2 act through GPCRs just like chemokines
85
....blocks AA conversion by cox to PGG2 or PGH2
NSAIDS/CELEBREX/ASPIRIN
86
....effects are vasodilation, and potentiates edema
PGD2, PGE2, PGF2alpha
87
Aspirin supresses ..... 10-100x more than .....
Aspirin supresses COX-1 ten to hundred times MORE than COX-2
88
.....is PGH2's precursor
PGG2
89
....PGD2, PGE2, PGF2alpha immediate precurosor
PGH2
90
Coxibs....
selective COX-2 inhibitors
91
.....is the polar opposite of TXA2 which is vasoconstrictive and promotes platelet aggregation
PGI2 prostacyclins - inhibits platelet aggregation - vasodilative
92
Prostaglandins are synthesized in a ........
cell-type specific manner
93
.....chemotaxis, Leukocyte Adhesion
LTB4, 5HETE
94
.....effects are vasodilative, inhibits platelet aggregation
PGI2 Prostacyclin
95
.....increase vascular permeability, bronchospasm 1k more than histamine, cysteinyl, vasoCONSTRICTIVE
LTC4, LTD4, LTCE4
96
.....Prostacyclin PGI2 immediate precursor
PGH2
97
PGE2...
PAIN mediation and FEVER induction
98
5HETE and LTB4, 5HETE is main product of 5LOX of neutrophil
Chemotaxis, Leukocyte Adhesion
99
PGE2, PGF2, PGD2
vasodilative, POTENTIATES edema

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