Lipids

Question 1

What are 3 functions of lipids?

Answer 1

storage form of metabolic fuel, structural components of membranes, and signaling molecules.

Question 2

What is the definition of a fatty acid?

Answer 2

water insoluble, long-chain hydrocarbons with a terminal carboxyl group.

Question 3

What is the definition of aliphatic?

Answer 3

Long chains of methyl groups

Question 4

Saturated fatty acids (do/do not) have double bonds.

Answer 4

Do not

Question 5

Unsaturated fatty acids (do/do not) have double bonds.

Answer 5

Do

Question 6

Which carbon is 1 in the delta numbering system?

Answer 6

Carboxyl

Question 7

Saturated fatty acids have what suffix?

Answer 7

-anoic acid

Question 8

How many carbons is a short chain fatty acid?

Answer 8

2-4

Question 9

how many carbons is a medium chain fatty acid?

Answer 9

6-12

Question 10

How many carbons is a long chain fatty acid?

Answer 10

14-26

Question 11

In the omega system, which carbon is 1?

Answer 11

methyl group of the fatty acid chain

Question 12

Unsaturated fatty acids have what suffix?

Answer 12

-enoic acid

Question 13

Are the double bonds naturally cis or trans in unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 13

cis

Question 14

What is the definition of amphipathic?

Answer 14

Dual nature; COOH reacts with water, the long chains do not.

Question 15

Melting points and solubility are related to which 2 things?

Answer 15

chain length and degree of unsaturation.

Question 16

Which (saturated or unsaturated) are especially sensitive to oxidation?

Answer 16

Unsaturated

Question 17

What is the difference between conjugated and non conjugated?

Answer 17

Non conjugated have 2 single bond spacers, conjugated have 1 single bond spacer

Question 18

Most naturally occurring fatty acids are conjugated or non-conjugated?

Answer 18

non-conjugated

Question 19

What is the definition of amphipathic?

Answer 19

Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions

Question 20

What are the 8 major classes of lipids?

Answer 20

Fatty acids, glycerides, phosphoglycerides, sphingolipids, ketone bodies, cholesterol, steroids, eicosanoids

Question 21

What is the general definition of a fatty acid?

Answer 21

fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic tail. Can be saturated or unsaturated. Usually derived from triglycerides or phospholipids.

Question 22

What percentage of human fat is unsaturated?

Answer 22

Half (50%)

Question 23

What are non-essential fatty acids?

Answer 23

Fatty acids that can be made from glucose.

Question 24

What are 2 essential fatty acids?

Answer 24

linoleic acid and linolenic acid.

Question 25

What are essential fatty acids?

Answer 25

Fatty acids that must be obtained from the diet since no human enzyme can introduce a double bond beyond carbon 9

Question 26

What is the difference between triglycerides and triglycerols?

Answer 26

Nothing, they are the same thing.

Question 27

What are the 4 most prominent types of phosphoglycerides?

Answer 27

phophatidycholine, phosphatidylerine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol

Question 28

What are the major classes of glycerophospholipids based on?

Answer 28

Head groups.

Question 29

Which class of phosphoglycerides are lecithins?

Answer 29

Phophatidylcholine

Question 30

which form of lipid are concentrated in neural tissue?

Answer 30

sphingolipids

Question 31

What are sphingolipids based on?

Answer 31

Ceramide

Question 32

sphingomyelins are ...

Answer 32

phospholipids

Question 33

What do glycosphinolipids contain?

Answer 33

carbohydrates

Question 34

What are the 4 types of glycosphinolipids?

Answer 34

cerebrodsides, globosides, gangliosides, sufatides

Question 35

Which type of glycosphinolipid is surfactant?

Answer 35

Phosphatidylcholine

Question 36

In what tissue are sphingolipids and glycolipids most abundant?

Answer 36

Neural tissue

Question 37

What bond is targeted by phospholipase A2?

Answer 37

FA#2 at the carboxyl end

Question 38

What bond is targeted by phospholipase A1?

Answer 38

FA#1 at the carboxyl end

Question 39

What bond is targeted by phospholipase C?

Answer 39

Phosphate group

Question 40

What bond is targeted by phospholipase D?

Answer 40

Head group

Question 41

Which defective lysosomal hydrolase is associated with Tay-Sachs disease?

Answer 41

Hexosaminidase A

Question 42

Which defective lysosomal hydrolase is associated with Gaucher's disease?

Answer 42

B-glucosidase

Question 43

What sugar accumulates in Gaucher's disease?

Answer 43

Cerebroside

Question 44

What sugar accumulates in Tay-Sach's disease?

Answer 44

Ganglioside