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Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Water insoluble biomolecule

A

Lipids

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2
Q

Lipids are insoluble in water, but soluble in _________ solvents including diethyl ether, dichloromethane, and acetone

A

organic

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3
Q

energy storage and metabolic fuels (fatty acids)

A

lipids

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4
Q

act as functional and structural components of the cell membrane

A

lipid bilayer

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5
Q

lipoproteins (e.g. LDL & HDL) are a mean for
__________ lipids in blood

A

transporting

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6
Q

building block of complex lipids

A

Fatty acyls

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7
Q

long-chain monocarboxylic acids

A

fatty acids

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8
Q

contains only single C–C bonds

A

Saturated Fatty Acid

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9
Q

contains one or more double C=C bonds

A

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

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10
Q

high melting points

A

Saturated Fatty Acid

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11
Q

low melting points

A

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

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12
Q

waxy solids at RT (animal fats)

A

Saturated Fatty Acid

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13
Q

liquids at RT (vegetable fats)

A

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

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14
Q

a group of signal lipids; derived from the metabolism of arachidonic acid by the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX)

A

Eicosanoids

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15
Q
  • derived mainly from arachidonic acid
  • have a variety of potent biological activities of hormonal or regulatory nature
  • parent compound is prostanoic acid
  • control blood pressure
  • stimulate muscle contraction
  • inhibit platelet aggregation
  • induce inflammation
A

Prostaglandins

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16
Q

induces platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction

A

Thromboxane A2

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17
Q

inhibit the synthesis of thromboxanes by inhibiting the COX enzyme

A

Aspirin and other NSAIDs

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18
Q
  • occur mainly in leukocytes
  • produce muscle contractions, especially in the lungs and thereby can cause asthma-like attacks
  • In this regard, they are 100 times more potent than histamine
  • Several recently-developed anti-asthma drugs inhibit the synthesis of leukotrienes
A

Leukotrienes

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19
Q

comprise the bulk of storage fat; triacylglycerides (TAGs)

A

glycerolipids

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20
Q

lipids formed by esterification of three fatty acids to glycerol

A

Triacylglycerols

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21
Q

reaction of a triacylglycerol with a base producing glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids

A

Saponification

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22
Q
  • Simply, “phospholipids”
  • Comprise the lipid bilayer in cells
  • Involved in metabolism and signaling
A

glycerophospholipids

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23
Q
  • most abundant lipid in most membranes
  • have a polar head and two nonpolar tails
  • control cell permeability
A

Phosphoacylglycerol

24
Q
  • Abundant in brain and nerve tissues
  • Found in egg yolk, wheat germ, yeast
A

Phosphoacylglycerol

25
where is lecithin found?
Phosphatidylcholine
26
where is cephalin found?
Phosphatidylethanolamine
27
where is cardiolipin found?
Diphosphatidylglycerol
28
- the second large class of membrane lipids - have a polar head and two nonpolar tails - abundant in nervous system
Sphingolipids
29
- contain phosphocholine or phosphoethanolamine as their polar head - found in the myelin sheath
Sphingomyelin
30
a carbohydrate is bound to an alcohol group of a lipid by a glycosidic linkage
Glycolipids
31
- “sterol alcohols” - signaling molecules located along the membrane
sterol lipids
32
- contains aromatic alcohol which are derivatives of steroid nucleus - steroid nucleus - 3 cyclohexane rings (6 sides) - 1 cyclopentane ring (5 sides)
Steroids
33
- precursor for the synthesis of other steroids - weakly amphipathic - bulky & rigid and fits into membrane lipids disrupting membrane regularity - derived from squalene, a C30 terpenoid HC
Cholesterol
34
C3 –OH can be esterified to form
Cholesteryl esters
35
- Cellular membranes - Myelin sheath, brain, and nerve tissue - Bile salts - Hormones - Vitamin D
Cholesterol in the body
36
- isoprenoids - Variety of functions – general health benefits - Examples: Terpenes, carotenoids, quinones, hydroquinone - Polyprenols (dolichol)
Prenol Lipids
37
- isoprene derived natural metabolites - insect and plant growth hormones - plant’s pleasant odors - lipid-like sugar carriers
Terpenes
38
- Fatty acid with a sugar backbone - Glucosamine precursor
Saccharolipids
39
secondary metabolites of living organisms for survival; used as anti-microbial, anti-parasitic and anti-cancer
Polyketides
40
- esters of fatty acids with long chain alcohols - completely insoluble in water - water repellants
Waxes
41
- triacylglycerols (TAGs) - sphingolipids - waxes - phosphoacylglycerols - glycolipids
Saponifiable lipids (with fatty acids)
42
- steroids - terpenes - prostaglandins - leukotrienes - thromboxanes
Non-saponifiable lipids (without fatty acids)
43
isoprenoid alcohol that plays a key role in vision, control of animal growth, & stimulation of development of nervous system
Vitamin A
44
can either be consumed in diet (cod liver oil, fish livers, butter, eggs) or biosynthesize from b-carotene
Vitamin A
45
most abundant form is D3 (cholecalciferol); regulation of Ca & P metabolism, i.e. proper deposition of Ca3(PO4)2 in bone
Vitamin D
46
disease that results from the lack of Vit. D; bone malformation
Rickets
47
- has an antioxidant role = prevents attack of peroxides on unsaturated f.a. in membrane lipids - found in eggs & vegetable oils (corn, peanut, wheat germ) - deficiency: muscular dystrophy, creatinuria, anemia
Vitamin E (a-tocopherol)
48
Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) found in ____
plants
49
- important in the lymphatic synthesis of prothrombin & protein factors in blood platelets - deficiency: diminished intestinal absorption of lipids
Vitamin K
50
Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) found in ____
animals & bacteria
51
denature the proteins and disrupt the lipoprotein complexes of the egg yolk
Ethanol
52
used to remove neutral or least polar lipids
Hexane
53
provides a mild dehydration condition
Acetone
54
normal phase descending chromatography based on adsorption phenomenon
Column Chromatography of Lipids
55
Stationary Phase of Column Chromatography of Lipids
silica gel
56
- two-dimensional chromatography - Normal phase ascending chromatography based on adsorption phenomenon
Thin Layer Chromatography of Lipids
57
Stationary Phase of thin layer Chromatography of Lipids
silica G-250

BIOCHEM (5 decks)

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