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Clinical Chemistry 1 > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Solidifies at room temperature, what may be the content?

A

Saturated fatty acid

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2
Q

Oil at room temperature, what may be the content?

A

Cis unsaturated fatty acid

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3
Q

Apolipoproteins found in HDL

A

Apo A-I
Apo A-II
Apo A-IV
Apo C-I
Apo C-II
Apo C-III
Apo E

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4
Q

Apolipoproteins found in Chylomicrons

A

Apo A-IV
Apo B-48
Apo C-I
Apo C-II
Apo C-III

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5
Q

Apolipoprotein found in LDL

A

Apo B-100

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6
Q

Apolipoprotein found in VLDL

A

Apo A-IV
Apo B-100
Apo C-I
Apo C-II
Apo C-III
Apo E

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7
Q

Largest but least dense lipoprotein; Carry the exogenous triglycerides

A

Chylomicron

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8
Q

Carry the endogenous triglycerides; Causes turbidity of fasting specimen

A

VLDL

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9
Q

Product of VLDL lipolysis; It carries cholesterol from the liver to the tissues; bad cholesterol

A

LDL

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10
Q

Carry excess cholesterol from tissues back to liver; good cholesterol

A

HDL

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11
Q

HDL that are ready to accept lipids; discoidal and nascent

A

HDL1

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12
Q

Take Note!

A

HDL3 is more efficient due to larger size that can bring back more lipids from tissue to liver

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13
Q

Transient products of VLDL lipolysis

A

IDL

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14
Q

Mutated lipoprotein; Lacks Apo B-100 (replaced by albumin)

A

Lipoprotein X

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15
Q

Limits amount of cholesterol being absorbed by GIT

A

ABCG5 and ABCG8 Transporters (limiters)

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16
Q

Transporter for fatty acids

A

Albumin

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17
Q

Transporter for cholesterol

A

NPC1L1

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18
Q

Proteoglycans as receptor for chylomicron

A

Heparin sulfate

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19
Q

Critical in the activation of LPL

A

Apo C-II

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20
Q

Releases free fatty acids from triglycerides in stored fat during fasting

A

Hormone-sensitive lipase

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21
Q

Mobilization and hydrolysis of TGs from adipocytes

A

Epinephrine and Cortisol

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22
Q

Prevents lipolysis by adipocytes; promotes fat
storage and glucose utilization

A

Insulin

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23
Q

Take Note!

A

Majority of lipids carried by LDL is cholesterol

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24
Q

Responsible for converting cholesterol into useful substance

A

Acetyl-CoA Acyltransferase

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25
Responsible for esterification of lipids
Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase
26
In Friedewald Method, VLDL in SI, plasma triglyceride is divided by
2.175
27
In Friedewald Method, VLDL in Conventional, plasma triglyceride is divided by
5.0
28
Fasting requirement for lipid determination
12-14 hours
29
Lipoproteins that require fasting
Triglycerides LDL
30
Lipoproteins that does not require fasting
Total cholesterol HDL
31
Take Note!
Lipid levels is proportional with age (metabolism slows down growing older)
32
Conversion factor for cholesterol
0.026
33
Conversion factor for triglycerides
0.0113
34
Take Note!
Conventional (mg/dL) to SI (mmol/L) is multiplication SI (mmol/L) to Conventional (mg/dL) is division
35
Reference method for cholesterol analysis; uses Bloor's reagent extraction
Abell Kendall / Abell-Levy-Brodie-Kendall
36
Extract with Xeolite; reagent contains acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid; produces Cholestadienyl monosulfonic acid that is green in color
Liebermann-Burchard
37
Reagent – choloform and sulfuric acid; produces Cholestadienyl disulfonic acid that is red in color
Salkowski
38
Cholesteryl ester is converted into cholesterol via?
Cholesteryl esterase
39
Cholesterol is converted in cholestenone via?
Cholesterol oxidase
40
Take Note!
Reducing agent – falsely decrease (ascorbic acid most common) Oxidizing agent – falsely elevate (soaps and detergents)
41
Take Note!
HDL Measurement requires removal of LDL and VLDL
42
LDL-Cholesterol and VLDL-Cholesterol can be precipitated using polyanions such as
Dextran sulfate magnesium Heparin with manganese Phosphotungstate with magnesium
43
Formaldehyde + chromotropic acid; Acidic buffer results to red chromophore; Alkaline buffer results to blue chromophore
Van Handel Zilversmith
44
Formaldehyde + diacetyl acetone → diacetyl lutidine (produced faint green color)
Hantzsch Condensation
45
Triglycerides are converted into fatty acids and glycerol via?
Bacterial lipase
46
Glycerol is converted into glycerophosphate via?
Glycerokinase
47
Glycerophosphate is converted into dihydroxyacetone via?
Glycerophosphate oxidase
48
HDL is known as
Alpha-lipoprotein
49
VLDL is known as
Pre-Beta-Lipoprotein
50
LDL is known as
Beta-Lipoprotein
51
Fastest lipoprotein to migrate in electrophoresis
HDL
52
Slowest lipoprotein to migrate in electrophoresis
Chylomicron
53
Frederick Classification: Low LDL; Altered Apo C-II; Increased chylomicron
Type I: Hyperchylomicronemia
54
Frederick Classification: Low LDL receptor; increased LDL
Type IIa: Hypercholesterolemia
55
Frederick Classification: Low LDL receptor and increased Apo B; Increased LDL and VLDL
Type IIb: Combined Hypercholesterolemia
56
Frederick Classification: Apo E-II synthesis defect; Increased IDL
Type III: Dysbetalipoproteinemia
57
Frederick Classification: Increased VLDL production; low elimination of VLDL; Increased VLDL
Type IV: Hyperlipemia
58
Frederick Classification: Increased VLDL production; Low LPL; Increased VLDL and chylomicron
Type V: Hypertriglyceridemia
59
Defective Apo B synthesis; VLDL, LDL and chylomicron not found in the plasma (contains Apo B); Deficiency in vitamins A, E and K
Abetalipoproteinemia (Bassen – Kornzweig Syndrome)
60
Point mutation in Apo B; Decreased: LDL-C, TC; Decreased to normal: VLDL-C, TG
Hypobetalipoproteinemia
61
Lipid storage disease; Sphingomyelin accumulation in bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes
Nieman-Pick disease
62
Chromosome 9 mutation in ABCA1 gene; HDL and LDL deficiency; Low blood cholesterol (TC); Toxic accumulation of cholesterol in cells, reduced LDL levels
Tangier Disease
63
ABCG8 and ABCG5 gene mutation; Elevated LDL-C during childhood; Accumulation of plant sterols in the plasma
Sitosterolemia
64
Fish eye disease; accumulation of HDL that results to opacity in eye; Low HDL, normal TC
Lecithin Cholesterol Acyl Transferase (LCAT) deficiency
65
Inability to clear chylomicron particles; Deficiency in Apo C-II
Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency (Type V)
66
Hexosaminidase A deficiency; Sphingolipids accumulation in the brain
Tay-Sach’s Disease
67
Apo B-48 disorder; fat malabsorption and low level of plasma lipids
Chylomicron Retention Disease (Anderson’s Disease)
68
Agent that increases risk of atherosclerosis
Proatherogenic
69
Prevents occurrence of atherosclerosis
Antiatherogenic
70
Take Note!
FFA-albumins are fastest to migrate in electrophoresis (HDL if lipoprotein)
71
In Ultracentrifugation, what is at the top and bottom?
Chylomicron - top FFA-albumin - bottom (Highest density on bottom are free fatty acids due to albumin)
72
IDL is known as
Broad Beta-Lipoprotein

Clinical Chemistry 1 (5 decks)

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