Lipids Flashcards
(29 cards)
What molecules make up a triglyceride?
ONE glycerol molecule and THREE fatty acids.
What type of reaction forms a triglyceride?
Condensation reactions AND removal of THREE molecules of water.
What bonds are formed in a triglyceride?
Ester bonds are formed.
What type of reaction forms an ester bond in phospholipids?
Condensation (reaction) OR Loss of water.
What groups are involved in ester bond formation in phospholipids?
Between OH of glycerol and OH of carboxyl group of fatty acid.
What is an unsaturated fatty acid?
Contains double bond(s) between carbon atoms within the hydrocarbon chain.
Why are omega-3 fatty acids classified as unsaturated?
They have double bond(s) between carbon atoms within the hydrocarbon chain.
What is the structure of a phospholipid molecule?
Glycerol joined to two fatty acid tails, phosphate group joined to glycerol on opposite side (joined by condensation reaction with ester bond).
What is the hydrophilic region of a phospholipid?
The phosphate and glycerol head.
What is the hydrophobic region of a phospholipid?
The fatty acid chains (tails).
How are phospholipids arranged in a plasma membrane?
Form a phospholipid bilayer – hydrophilic heads face out, hydrophobic tails face in.
What is removed from a triglyceride to form a phospholipid?
One fatty acid.
What replaces a fatty acid in a phospholipid?
A phosphate group.
What type of bonds do both triglycerides and phospholipids contain?
Ester bonds.
What molecule is found in both triglycerides and phospholipids?
Glycerol.
What type of fatty acids can both lipid types have?
Saturated or unsaturated fatty acids.
Are triglycerides and phospholipids soluble in water?
Both are insoluble in water.
What elements do both lipids contain?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (C, H, O), but phospholipids also contain phosphorus (P).
How many fatty acids in a triglyceride?
Three fatty acids.
How many fatty acids in a phospholipid?
Two fatty acids plus a phosphate group.
What type of polarity does a triglyceride have?
Hydrophobic/non-polar.
What polarity regions does a phospholipid have?
Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail.
What structures can phospholipids form that triglycerides do not?
Monolayers, micelles, and bilayers.
How do you test a liquid sample for lipids?
Mix/shake sample with ethanol, then water and shake.
