Lipids

Question 1

What are compounds that are soluble in organic solvent but insoluble in water?

Answer 1

lipids

Question 2

What are the building blocks of fat and oils?

Answer 2

fatty acids

Question 3

What are a chain of carbons with a methyl group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other?

Answer 3

fatty acids

Question 4

What structure determines whether a fat is solid or liquid at room temperature?

Answer 4

fatty acids

Question 5

True or False? The shorter the fatty acid chain length, the more water soluble and the more likely to be liquid at room temperature.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Foods rich in saturated fatty acids are _____ at room temperature.

Answer 6

solid

Question 7

Foods rich in unsaturated fatty acids are _____ at room temperature.

Answer 7

liquid

Question 8

True or False? Most trans fatty acids in our diet are a result of hydrogenation.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What shape is a cis fatty acid?

Answer 9

bent

Question 10

What shape is trans fatty acid?

Answer 10

striaght

Question 11

What are the essential fatty acids?

Answer 11

omega-3
omega-6
omega-9

Question 12

What are the essential amino acids?

Answer 12

methionine
threonine
valine
isoleucine
phenyl-alanine
trytophan
leucine
lysine

Question 13

Omega 3 _____ inflammation.

Answer 13

reduces

Question 14

Omega 6 _____ inflammation.

Answer 14

promotes

Question 15

Fatty acid balance is ______.

Answer 15

CRITICAL!!!!!

Question 16

True or False? Most fatty acids in food and body exist as a part of triglyceride molecule.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Three fatty acids + glycerol is what structure?

Answer 17

triglycerides

Question 18

What are 5 functions of trigylcerides?

Answer 18

• energy source
• energy reserve
• insulation and protection
• carrier of fat soluble compound (vitamins)
• sensory qualities (contributes to flavor, odor, texture of food)

Question 19

Fat is stored inside ______.

Answer 19

adipocytes

Question 20

What nonessential nutrient is a diglyceride with a phosphate gourp with nitrogen-containing component?

Answer 20

phospholipids

Question 21

What lipid is compatible with water and fats?

Answer 21

phospholipids

Question 22

What are the 3 functions of phospholipids?

Answer 22

• cell membranes
• lipid transport
• emulsifiers (lecithin)

Question 23

What has multiple-ring structure unlike triglycerides and phospholipids?

Answer 23

sterols

Question 24

What contains glycerol backbone and no FA component?

Answer 24

sterols

Question 25

True or False? Only foods of animal origin contain cholesterol.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

In the small intestine, bile salts surround monoglycerides and free fatty acids forming ______.

Answer 26

micelles

Question 27

What are water soluble globules with a fatty core?

Answer 27

micelles

Question 28

In the intestine, some monoglycerides and fatty acids re-form into ________.

Answer 28

triglycerides

Question 29

Triglycerides + cholesterol + phospholipids + proteins carrier =

Answer 29

lipoprotein

Question 30

When lipoproteins leave the intestinal cell, it is called _______.

Answer 30

chylomicron

Question 31

What percent of cholesterol is absorbed?

Answer 31

only 50% (poor absorption)

Question 32

______ increases cholesterol absorption?

Answer 32

dietary fat

Question 33

Plant phytosterols and dietary fiber ______ cholesterol absorption.

Answer 33

decreases

Question 34

In the digestive tract, fats need a water-based capsule called _______ in a water-based environment.

Answer 34

micelles

Question 35

In the blood stream, fats need a phospholipid, protein, and cholesterol capsule such as _______ or _______.

Answer 35

lipoprotein | chylomicron

Question 36

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is an ____.

Answer 36

IDL, intermediate-density lipoproteins

Question 37

What is implicated in atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's Disease, impaired cognitive function, etc. ?

Answer 37

APOE4

Question 38

What disease is characterized by build-ups of aggregates of peptide beta-amyloid?

Answer 38

Alzheimer's Disease (AD)

Question 39

What variant is the largest known genetic risk factor for late onset sporadic AD in variety of ethnic groups?

Answer 39

APOE4

Question 40

True or False? High cholesterol can double the risk of AD.

Answer 40

True