Lipids (Characteristics to Forms)

Question 1

What are the components that make up a lipid molecule (3 answers)

Answer 1

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

Question 2

What transports lipids?

Answer 2

Lipoproteins

Question 3

What enzyme cleaves fatty acids?

Answer 3

Pancreatic lipase

Question 4

Triglycerides are converted into?
(2 answers)

Answer 4

Monoglycerides
Diglycerides

Question 5

Cholesterol esters are transformed into?

Answer 5

Free cholesterol

Question 6

Phospholipids are converted into?

Answer 6

Lysophospholipids

Question 7

What does amphiphatic mean? (2 answers)

Answer 7

Containing a hydrophilic/polar end and a hydrophobic/nonpolar end

Question 8

Amphiphatic lipids aggregate with ______________ and form ____________

Answer 8

Aggregate with bile acids
Form micelles

Question 9

Micelles are absorbed into the blood through what organ?

Answer 9

Intestines

Question 10

Micelles, when re-esterified, turn into what? (2 answers)

Answer 10

Triglycerides
Cholesteryl esters

Question 11

What molecules make up triglycerides?

Answer 11

3 molecules of fatty acids
1 molecule of glycerol

Question 12

Triglycerides are also known as?

Answer 12

Triacylglycerol

Question 13

What characteristics of triglycerides make it an ideal main storage form of lipid?

Answer 13

Hydrophobic
Water insoluble

Question 14

Most triglycerides from plant sources come in what form?

Answer 14

Unsaturated fatty acids
Exist as oils

Question 15

Triglycerides from animal sources come in what form?

Answer 15

Saturated fatty acids
Solid (at room temperature)

Question 16

Triglycerides are called as such due to having no charge

Answer 16

Neutral fats/lipids

Question 17

Three roles of triglycerides

Answer 17

Energy source
Integral part of cell membrane
Insulation or shock absorber

Question 18

Lipid that is not readily catabolized by most cells

Answer 18

Cholesterol

Question 19

Four roles of cholesterol

Answer 19

Part of cell membrane
Promote fat absorption as detergents
Can be converted to steroid hormones
Can be transformed to vitamin D3 by sunlight exposure

Question 20

What tissues can convert cholesterol to steroid hormones

Answer 20

Tissues from endocrine system
(e.g. adrenal gland, testis, ovary)

Question 21

The two forms of cholesterol in the body

Answer 21

Free cholesterol
Cholesterol (Cholesteryl) Esters or Esterified

Question 22

Approximately 60-70% of total cholesterol in the body

Answer 22

Cholesterol Esters

Question 23

Composed of cholesterol ring and fatty acid

Answer 23

Cholesterol Esters

Question 24

Approximately 30-40% of cholesterol in the body

Answer 24

Free Cholesterol

Question 25

Unesterified cholesterol

Answer 25

Free Cholesterol

Question 26

Composed of cholesterol ring only

Answer 26

Free cholesterol

Question 27

No fatty acids attached

Answer 27

Free cholesterol

Question 28

Composed of 2 fatty acid molecules, phospholipid head group, and a glycerol molecule

Answer 28

Phospholipids

Question 29

What is a phospholipid composed of?

Answer 29

2 fatty acid molecules Phospholipid head group Glycerol molecule

Question 30

70-75% of total phospholipid in the body

Answer 30

Phosphatidylcholine

Question 31

18-20% of total phospholipids in the body

Answer 31

Sphingomyelin

Question 32

3-6% of total phospholipids in the body

Answer 32

Phosphatidylserine Phosphatidylethanolamine

Question 33

4-9% of total phospholipids in the body

Answer 33

Lysophosphatidylcholine

Question 34

Components of phospholipid head group

Answer 34

Choline Inositol Serine Ethanolamine

Question 35

Characteristic of phospholipid head group

Answer 35

Hydrophilic

Question 36

Two fatty acids in phospholipid

Answer 36

1 saturated fatty acid 1 unsaturated fatty acid

Question 37

Characteristic of phospholipid bilayer

Answer 37

Polar and nonpolar region

Question 38

Phospholipid can be found in the lungs as what substance?

Answer 38

Surfactant

Question 39

Detected in what bodily fluid during fetal lung maturity test?

Answer 39

Amniotic fluid

Question 40

Considered as the building blocks of lipids

Answer 40

Fatty acids

Question 41

Structure of fatty acids

Answer 41

Hydrocarbon chains with terminal COOH group

Question 42

What can be usually found in triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol

Answer 42

Fatty acids

Question 43

What form can fatty acids take in plasma

Answer 43

Free fatty acids

Question 44

What protein does the majority of free fatty acids bind to

Answer 44

Albumin

Question 45

3 Forms of fatty acids

Answer 45

Saturated fatty acid Unsaturated fatty acid Trans fatty acid

Question 46

What fatty acid has no double bonds

Answer 46

Saturated fatty acids

Question 47

Fatty acid with double bond/s (cis form)

Answer 47

Unsaturated fatty acids

Question 48

Fatty acid with double bond/s (trans form)

Answer 48

Trans fatty acid

Question 49

Function of lipoproteins

Answer 49

Transport lipids

Question 50

What protein transports lipids

Answer 50

Lipoproteins

Question 51

4 Normal Lipoproteins

Answer 51

Chylomicron Very Low Density Lipoproteins Low Density Lipoproteins High Density Lipoproteins

Question 52

Largest and lightest (lowest density) Lipoprotein

Answer 52

Chylomicron

Question 53

What lipoprotein transports exogenous triglycerides

Answer 53

Chylomicron

Question 54

What triglycerides are derived from diet

Answer 54

Exogenous triglycerides

Question 55

Remains in the origin during electrophoresis due to having no charge

Answer 55

Chylomicron

Question 56

Causes non-fasting lipemia

Answer 56

Chylomicron

Question 57

Pre-beta lipoprotein

Answer 57

Very Low Density Lipoprotein

Question 58

Transports endogenous triglycerides

Answer 58

Very Low Density Lipoprotein

Question 59

What triglyceride is produced by the body

Answer 59

Endogenous triglyceride

Question 60

Known as the bad cholesterol

Answer 60

Low Density Lipoprotein

Question 61

Beta lipoprotein

Answer 61

Low density Lipoprotein

Question 62

Transports majority (75%) of the cholesterol from the liver throughout the body

Answer 62

Low density lipoprotein

Question 63

What are the possible clinical complications of one who has high levels of LDL

Answer 63

Atherosclerosis Coronary Heart Disease

Question 64

Smallest and heaviest lipoprotein

Answer 64

High density lipoprotein

Question 65

What lipoprotein has the highest lipid content

Answer 65

Chylomicron

Question 66

Arrange from least to most the lipoproteins in regards to their protein content

Answer 66

Chylomicron-VLDL-LDL-HDL

Question 67

What transport mechanism is HDL capable of

Answer 67

Reverse cholesterol transport (from cells to liver)

Question 68

Arrange in increasing order the lipoproteins in regards to distance travelled during electrophoresis

Answer 68

Chylomicrons-VLDL-LDL-HDL

Question 69

Good cholesterol

Answer 69

HDL