Lipids & Lipoprotein

Question 1

are organic compounds distinguished from other substances mainly by their insolubility in water and solubility in nonpolar compounds. Actually potentially esters of fatty acids

Answer 1

Lipid

Question 2

Major lipids

Answer 2

Phospholipid, Cholest, Trigy, Fatty Acid, Fat soluble vitamins like (A,D,E,K)

Question 3

Building blocks of lipids. Long chains of carbon-hydrogen bonds that terminate with a carboxyl group (RCOOH)

Answer 3

Fatty Acid

Question 4

Most abundant lipids, same structure to triglycerides, except they contain two fatty acids.

Answer 4

Phospholipid

Question 5

3 molecules of fatty acid + 1 molecule of glycerol by ester bonds. Very hydrophobic and water insoluble. Evaluates suspected atherosclerosis.

Answer 5

TRIGLYCERIDES (TAG)

Question 6

Unsaturated steroid alcohol worth 4 rings and a single C-H side chain. Not catabolized by most cells, synthesized by animals.

Answer 6

Cholesterol

Question 7

One 18-Carbon or longer fatty acid bound to amino group of sphingosine

Answer 7

Ceramides

Question 8

Major Lipid Components in Plasma

Answer 8

TAG, cholesterol, phospholipid

Question 9

Protein moiety of Lipoprotein. Amphipathic helix”

Answer 9

APOLIPOPROTEINS

Question 10

Largest and the least dense class of lipoprotein

Answer 10

Chylomicrons

Question 11

Transports endogenous TAG from the liver to muscles, fat depots and peripheral tissues

Answer 11

Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)

Question 12

Smallest lipoprotein but most dense. Transport excess cholesterol (reverse cholesterol transport).

Answer 12

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

Question 13

Most cholesterol rich and most atherogenic. Transport cholesterol to the peripheral tissues

Answer 13

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

Question 14

Known as the “sinking pre-B lipoprotein”
Independent risk factor for Atherosclerosis
Secondary transporter of cholesterol to tissues

Answer 14

Lipoprotein (a)

Question 15

Product of VLDL catabolism

Answer 15

Intermediate Density Lipoprotein (IDL)

Question 16

Specific and sensitive indicator of cholestasis
Obstructive jaundice and LCAT deficiency
Apo-C and albumin

Answer 16

Lipoprotein X

Question 17

Floating B lipoprotein

Increase in Type 3 hyperlipoproteinemia or dysbetalipoproteinemia

Answer 17

B-VLDL

Question 18

Hydrolyzes TAG in lipoproteins (CM and VLDL)

Answer 18

Lipoprotein Lipase

Question 19

Hydrolyze lipids in VLDL and IDL

Answer 19

Hepatic TAG Lipase

Question 20

Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCAT)

Answer 20

Esterification of cholesterol from HDL

Question 21

Hydrolyzes phospholipids and TAG in HDL

Answer 21

Endothelial lipase

Question 22

Imbalance between synthesis and clearance of VLDL in the circulation

Answer 22

Hypertriglyceridemia

Question 23

Elevated level of cholesterol and TAG, increased risk of CHD development

Answer 23

Combined Hyperlipidemia

Question 24

plaque develops in arteries of the arms or legs

Answer 24

PVD-Peripheral Vascular Disease

Question 25

Detection of an increased Chylomicrons

Answer 25

Standing Plasma Test

Question 26

VLDL, LDL, Chylomicrons (absent) | Chole and TAG (low)

Answer 26

Abetalipoproteinemia

Question 27

Deficiency of HDL. Orange to yellow discoloration of tonsils and pharynx.

Answer 27

Tangier’s Disease

Question 28

Inability to clear chylomicron particles. Abdominal pain and pancreatitis.

Answer 28

Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency

Question 29

Accumulations of sphingomyelin in the BM, spleen and lymph nodes

Answer 29

Niemann-Pick Disease