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Bio /chem/cell > Lipids W2 > Flashcards

Lipids W2 Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

lipids, general functions(6)

A
  • energy
  • insulation
  • protection
  • transport
  • signalling mollecules and hormones
  • immunity and inflamitory response
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2
Q

example of fats involved in signalling molecules and hormones(3)

A

eicosanoids
cholesterol
steroid hormone (is lipid soluble)

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3
Q

what elements are lipids made from

A

C H O

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4
Q

both lipids and carbohydrates are made up of C H O, what makes them different(2)

A

different ratios

less polar bonds due to less oxygen

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5
Q

where is fat stored

A

adipose tissue

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6
Q

four primary types of lipids

A

triglycerides
phospholipids
cholesterol
eicosanoids

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7
Q

basic unit of lipids

A

fatty acid

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8
Q

basic structure of fatty acid (3)

A
  • omega (methyl) end
  • hydrophobic carbon chain
  • hydrophilic carboxyl end
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9
Q

which is the hydrophobic part of a fatty acid

A

the carbon chain

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10
Q

which is the hydrophilic part of a fatty acid chain

A

the carboxyl end

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11
Q

the fist carbon down from the carboxyl carbon on a fatty acid is the ……carbon

A

beta

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12
Q

what are saturated fatty acid

A

hasno c-c double bonds

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13
Q

how are carbon atoms added to/removed from saturated fatty acids

A

in 2s

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14
Q

are unsaturated fatty acids essential

A

no

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15
Q

two types of unsaturated fatty acids (based on number of double bonds)

A

mono and poly

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16
Q

in poly unsaturated fatty acids, how far apart are the c=c double bonds

A

3 c atoms c=c_c_c=c

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17
Q

example of monunsaturated fatty acid (1) and where(what food) is it found(2)

A

Oleic aicd

  • various plant and animal sources
  • lots in olive oil
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18
Q

example of polyunsaturated fatty acid(1) and what food its found in(1)

A

alpha linolenic aicd

seed based oils

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19
Q

essential fatty acids, which bonds (2)

A

omega 3

omega 6

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20
Q

what are omega 3 fatty acids essential for (2)

A

development of nervous system and retina

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21
Q

what are omega 6 fatty acids essential for (1)

A

key component of phospholipid membrane

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22
Q

what do omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids have in common

A

they are both essential

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23
Q

name a key omega 3 fatty acid

A

ALA: alpha linolenic acid

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24
Q

name a key omega 6 fatty acid

A

LA: linolenic acid

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25
structure of alpha-linolenic acid
C18: 3, w3
26
structure of linolenic acid
C18, 2, w6
27
what type of fatty acid is alpha linolenic acid
polyunsaturated, omega three
28
what type of fatty acid is linolenic acid
polyusaturated: omega 6
29
two types of UNSATURATED fatty acids based on overall shape of double bond
cis | trans
30
what affects the function of a fatty acid (3)
number location and type (cis or trans) of double bond
31
unsaturated fatty acids cis configuration shape of molecule
bent
32
unsaturated fatty acid, trans configuration shape of molecule
straight
33
trans fatty acids have a similar shape and act in similar way to .....fatty acids
unsaurated
34
why are cis fatty acids considered good
increase fluidity of lipidbilayer
35
why are trans fatty acids bad
decrease fluidity of lipid bilayer
36
high levels of trans fatty acid and saturated fatty acid intake may lead to... (2)
high cholesterol levels | risk of cardiovascular disease
37
where is the diet can you find saturated fatty acids (4)and others)
animal foods - meat dairy butter oils coconut, palm, palm kernel oils
38
where is the diet can you find monounsaturated fatty acids (5)and others)
``` nuts olives avocados meat products oils -olive, grape seed, macadamia nut, sesame seed oils ```
39
where is the diet can you find polyunsaturated fatty acids - omega 3 (4)
fish - salmon dark green leafy veg flaxseed walnuts and soybeans
40
where is the diet can you find polyunsaturated fatty acids - omega 6 (2)
veg oils | flaxseed wallnuts and soybeans
41
how are TGs formed
condensation of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol
42
do triglycerides have long term or short term storage
long term
43
does triglyceride storage have limits
not really
44
other than fatty acids, TG can be made from ... (2)
glucose | amino acids
45
can TG be turned into glucose or AAs
no
46
catabolism of TG produces...
energy
47
TG as energy source mainly used ny..(3)
liver heart skeletal muscle
48
beta oxidation requires presence of...
oxygen
49
TG supplies ....-....% of our energy at rest
50-60
50
how much energy does 1g of TG provide
9cal
51
how is cholesterol different from other lipids
contains four aromatic rings with short hydrocarbon tail
52
key functions of cholesterol(3)
- key component of plasma membrane - key component of bile which aids in digestion of fats - production of steroid and VitD
53
what part of cholesterol is used in the production of steroid hormones
the aromatic ring
54
where in the diet is cholesterol found?(4)
cheese shell fish egg yolk meat
55
where is cholesterol made primarily
liver
56
is cholesterol essential
no
57
what lipids serve key roles in the phospholipid membrane (3)
polyunsaturated phospholipids cholesterol
58
how does cholesterol help maintain membrane fluidity
disrupts the regular interactions between phospholipids
59
how is cholesterol positioned in the phospholipid membrane
ring structure near phospholipid heads fatty acid tail buried in hydrophobic tails
60
when are eicosanoids made
as required
61
what are the main functions of eicosanoids | they are in control of.... (3)
- blood clotting - blood pressure - immune system and inflammatory response
62
where/how are eicosanoids made
20-c polyunsaturatedFAchains that are cleaved from the phosphoipid membrane
63
two ways in which lipids are transported
free fatty acids bind to albumin lipoproteins
64
what is albumin
plasma protein
65
free fatty acids that are bound to albumin usually travel from ..... to ......
adipose tissue | other places
66
lipoproteins travel from.... to .....
other places adipose tissue
67
primary components of lipoprotein (4)
in ---> out TG phospholipid +cholesterol apolipoprotein
68
fist lipoprotein to be made
chylomicrons
69
what are chylomicrons composed of
90% TG
70
after ....% of TG is removed from chylomicrons the chylomichron remnant travels to the .......
80% liver
71
where are chylomicrons made
enterocytes of small intestine
72
VLDL primarily consist of ....
TG
73
VLDL= .....% TG
60%
74
LDL consist primarily of ....
cholesterol
75
LDL=......% cholesterol
45%
76
HDL consist primarily of ...
protein
77
HDL=...-....% protein
45-50%
78
what do HDLs do
binds to plasma cholesterol and transports it to liver
79
lipoproteins in order of HIGH -->LOW TG content
chylomicrons VLDL LDL HDL
80
journey of chylomicron: from.....to..... | what does it transport
small intestine body cells fats
81
journey of VLDL: from... to ... | what does it transport
liver adipose tissue TG
82
journey of LDL: from..... to .... | what does it transport
liver peripheral tissues cholesterol
83
journey of HDL: from.... to..... | what does it transport
plasma membrane liver cholesterol
84
where are VLDLs and LDLs made
liver
85
what is the name of the enzyme that increases TG breakdown and where is it found
Hormone sensitive lipase adipose tissue
86
what activates hormone sensitive lipase (2)
glucagon and epinephrine
87
benefits of essential fatty acids (w6 and w3)
decrease the risk of CDV
88
fat contributes to .....% of our calorie intake
30%
89
too much saturated fatty acids in diest can increase risk of ....(4)
obesity metabolic syndrome type 2 diabetes cardiovascular disease

Bio /chem/cell (13 decks)

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