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Anatomy EK Separated, and some extras > Liver > Flashcards

Liver Flashcards

1
Q

Give 4 functions of the liver.

A
  1. Synthesis of bile.
  2. Glycogen storage.
  3. Clotting factor production.
  4. Detoxification of blood.
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2
Q

What is the liver an embryological derivative of and in which mesentery does it develop?

A

Derivative of the foregut. Develops in the ventral mesentery.

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3
Q

What structure(s) lie anterior to the liver?

A

The rib cage and the anterior abdominal wall

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4
Q

What structure(s) lie superior to the liver?

A

diaphragm.

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5
Q

What structure(s) lie posterior to the liver?

A

posterior to the liver?

Oesophagus, stomach, gall bladder, first part of duodenum. (All are foregut derived organs).

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6
Q

What aspects of the liver does the diaphragmatic surface refer to?

A

The anterior superior aspects. This surface is smooth and convex.

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7
Q

What aspects of the liver does the visceral surface refer to?

A

The posterior inferior aspects. It is moulded by the shape of surrounding organs and so is irregular.

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8
Q

Name the 3 liver ligaments.

A
  1. The falciform ligament.
  2. The right and left coronary ligaments.
  3. The right and left triangular ligaments.
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9
Q

What is the function of the falciform ligament?

A

To attach the liver to the anterior abdominal wall.

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10
Q

What is found in the free edge of The falciform ligament?

A

The ligamentum teres (remnant of the umbilical vein).

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11
Q

What is the function of the coronary and triangular ligaments?

A

They attach the superior surface of the diaphragm to the liver.

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12
Q

Name the 4 lobes of the liver.

A
  1. Right.
  2. Left.
  3. Caudate.
  4. Quadrate.
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13
Q

What structures bind the Caudate lobe and where is it located?

A

The IVC and a fossa produced by the ligamentum venosum. It is located on the upper aspect of the right lobe on the visceral surface.

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14
Q

What structures bind the Quadrate lobe and where is it located?

A

The gall bladder and a fossa produced by the ligamentum teres. It is located on the lower aspect of the right lobe on the visceral surface.

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15
Q

What divides the liver into the right and left lobes?

A

The falciform ligament.

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16
Q

What vein supplies the liver with dexoygenated blood?

A

The hepatic portal vein.

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17
Q

What supplies the liver with oxygenated blood?

A

The hepatic artery proper.

18
Q

What is the function of the gall bladder?

A

A temporary storage for bile.

19
Q

What is the storage capacity of the gall bladder?

A

30-50ml.

20
Q

Briefly describe the biliary tree.

A

Left and right hepatic ducts = common hepatic duct.
Common hepatic duct + cystic duct = common bile duct. Common bile duct + pancreatic duct = hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater.

21
Q

What is it called where the common bile duct and pancreatic duct meet?

A

The hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater

22
Q

What is the orifice called where bile empties into the duodenum?

A

The major duodenal papilla.

23
Q

What sphincter regulates the emptying of bile into the duodenum?

A

The sphincter of Oddi.

24
Q

What artery supplies blood to the gall bladder?

A

The cystic artery.

25
Q

Does parasympathetic or sympathetic innervation result in contraction of the gall bladder and the secretion of bile?

A

Parasympathetic.

26
Q

What is Calot’s triangle?

A

An anatomic space bounded by the liver superiorly, the cystic duct laterally and the common hepatic duct medially.

27
Q

What is the cystic artery a branch of?

A

The right hepatic artery - hepatic artery proper - common hepatic artery - coeliac trunk.

28
Q

Is the pancreas retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

A

The tail is intraperitoneal but the rest of the pancreas is retroperitoneal.

29
Q

Why can diseases of the pancreas spread to adjacent tissues?

A

Because it isn’t contained within a capsule.

30
Q

What is the blood supply to the head of the pancreas?

A

The superior and inferior pancraticoduodenal arteries.

31
Q

What is the superior pancraticoduodenal artery a branch of?

A

The gastroduodenal artery.

32
Q

What is the inferior pancraticoduodenal artery a branch of?

A

The SMA

33
Q

What is the blood supply to the rest of the pancreas?

A

Pancreatic branches of the splenic artery.

34
Q

What is the venous drainage of the pancreas?

A

The head drains into the SMV (drains into hepatic portal vein). the pancreatic veins drain the rest of the pancreas (these drain into the splenic vein).

35
Q

What structure degenerates to form the ligamentum venosum?

A

The ductous venosum - used to bypass the liver in the foetus

36
Q

Where is the bare area of the liver?

A

The bare area of the liver is found on the posterosuperior surface of the right lobe of the liver. This lies close to the thoracic diaphragm. It is the only part of the liver that has no peritoneal covering

37
Q

What structures join to form the common bile duct ?

A

the right and left hepatic duct (that form the common hepatic duct) and the cystic duct

38
Q

Where is the sphincter of Oddi located?

A

On the medial wall of the duodenum between the second and third parts.

39
Q

What name given to the fibrous capsule of the liver?

A

Glisson’s capsule is the name of the fibrous covering of the liver.

40
Q

what is the function of the lesser omentum in regards to the liver?

A

Attaches the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and first part of the duodenum. It consists of the hepatoduodenal ligament (extends from the duodenum to the liver) and the hepatogastric ligament (extends from the stomach to the liver). The hepatoduodenal ligament surrounds the portal triad.

41
Q

what is the falcliform ligament? what does its free edge contain?

A

– this sickle-shaped ligament attaches the anterior surface of the liver to the anterior abdominal wall. Its free edge contains the ligamentum teres, a remnant of the umbilical vein.

Anatomy EK Separated, and some extras (20 decks)

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