Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BOD II > Liver > Flashcards

Liver Flashcards

(61 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

parts of the hepatic lobule - what is in the center vs angels of hexagon?

A

center = central v.
angels = portal tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

function of stellate (ito) cells

A

store vitamin A
role in hepatic fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

function of oval cells

A

BM origin
liver regeneration
differentiate into hepatocytes and biliary cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

why are liver sinusoids lined by fenestrated endothelial cells

A

diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the gap between endothelial cells and hepatocytes called

A

space of disse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pale, enlarged, friable, enhanced lobular pattern

A

zonal degeneration and necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what zone has
- least O2; susceptible to hypoxia
- greatest enzyme activity
-associated with severe anemia or right sided heart failure

A

centrilobular
zone 3 (peri acinar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what zone is associated with zonal degeneration/necrosis in pigs/horses with alflatoxicosis

A

midzonal
zone 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what zone is associated with toxin exposure lacking requirement of metabolism by oxidases

A

periportal
zone 1 (centro acinar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what necrosis can link centrilobular areas or centrilobular to periportal areas and are confluent areas of necrosis

A

bridging necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what necrosis covers the entire hepatic lobule with NO regeneration due to all hepatocytes in the lobule being affected
replacement occurs through ductular reaction

A

massive necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what type of hepatic necrosis is caused by infectious agents

A

random necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

causes of pre-hepatic hyperbilirubinemia

A

problem with uptake
hemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

causes of hepatic hyperbillirubinemia

A

problem with conjugation
liver injury affecting ability of hepatocytes to metabolize/excrete bile
inherited abnormalities of bile synthesis inhibiting excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

causes of post-hepatic hyperbillirubinemia

A

problem with secretion
obstruction of extrahepatic bile ducts - calculi, parasites, neoplasia, adjacent inflam (pancreatitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

type of injury:
individual cell necrosis results in local proliferation and regeneration of hepatocytes

A

regeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

4 types of hepatic injury

A

regeneration
fibrosis
cirrhosis
portal hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

causes of periacinal fibrosis

A

toxins
chronic passive congestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

causes of periportal fibrosis

A

chronic inflam
some toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

causes of multifocal fibrosis

A

migrating nematodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

type of injury:
diffuse process characterized by fibrosis and conversion of normal liver architecture into structurally abnormal lobes

A

cirrhosis “end stage liver”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

type of injury can lead to ascites due to diffuse fibrosis of the liver from chronic injury

A

portal hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the types of circulatory disorders

A
  1. disturbances of outflow
  2. disturbances of inflow
  3. incidental
  4. infarction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

passive or venous congestion such as from right side heart failure or endocardiosis is an example of what type of hepatic circulatory disorder?

A

disturbance of outflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
anemia, congenital porto-systemic shunt, portal hypertension are examples of what type of hepatic circulatory disorder?
disturbance of inflow
26
telangiectasia is an example of what type of hepatic circulatory disorder?
incidental
27
liver lobe torsion is an example of what type of hepatic circulatory disorder?
infarction
28
causes of hyper coagulability in dogs
liver disease hyperadrenocorticism protein losing disease neoplasia immune-mediated diseases infectious disease pancreatitis
29
consequences of vascular disturbances in the liver
portal v thrombosis portal hypertension acquired PSS ascites
30
what is a consquence of a portosystemic shunt
hepatic encephalopathy
31
causes of steatosis
diet toxins hypoxia ketosis species syndromes in equine (ponies, minis, donkeys), sheep/goats, bovine, feline endocrine diseases - DM or hypothyroidism
32
clinical characteristics of steroid hepatopathy
excess glycogen/glycogenolysis
33
what is characterized by a sheep with hepatocellular apoptosis/necrosis intravascular hemolysis, hemoglobinuria anorexia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dehydration, shock histologically: centrilobular hepatic necrosis and renal tubular necrosis
sheep copper associated hepatitis
34
what is characterized by a dog with a small liver, accentuated lobular pattern, architectural distortion, coarse nodularity to cirrhosis
canine copper associated hepatitis (chronic-active hepatitis)
35
what virus causes gross: multifocal, random, < 1 mm areas of necrosis in several organs histologic: multifocal random hepatic necrosis, intranuclear inclusion bodies
herpes virus
36
what virus causes centrilobular necrosis, intranuclear inclusion bodies, immune complex deposition leading to uveitis, corneal clouding and glomerulonephritis
canine adenovirus 1 (infectious canine hepatitis)
37
what virus causes the liver to look pale, enhanced lobular pattern, limp, friable texture, necrosis is acute and can be periportal to midzonal
rabbit hemorrhagic disease (calicivirus)
38
what disease would cause lymphocytes and plasma cells in the portal tracts and surrounding bile ducts in a young-middle aged cat?
suppurative chronic cholangitis
39
what disease would cause lymphocytes and plasma cells in the portal tracts and surrounding bile ducts in a middle aged-older cat?
nonsuppurative cholangitis
40
what bacteria cause phlebitis, thrombosis, portal hypertension, septic thromboemboli into lungs and sudden death in feedlot cattle
fusobacterium necrophorum
41
what enteric spp of bacteria can cause hepatitis
Francisella Nocardia Actinomyces
42
what bacteria may cause hepatitis and tuberculosis in dogs in southern US
Mycobacterium
43
what bacteria will cause pyogranulomas in multiple tissues
Rhodococcus equi
44
what bacteria will cause abscessation in multiple tissues, often in sheeps
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
45
what bacteria will cause small area of necrosis in the liver and spleen, often in rabbits
Francisella tularensis
46
what bacteria has foci of necrosis with macrophages surrounding "paratyphoid nodules"
Salmonellosis
47
what bacteria will cause pale foci of hepatocellular necrosis with surrounding neutrophilic and mononuclear infiltrate and bacilli within viable hepatocytes at the margins
Clostridium pilliforme "tyzzers disease"
48
what bacteria will cause intravascular hemolysis causing ischemic injury to centrilobular regions, hepatic dissociation, bile casts, hemosiderin laden Kupffer cells and chronic-active hepatitis
Leptospirosis
49
what bacteria causes bacillary hemoglobinuria
Clostridium haemolyticum (type D)
50
pathogenesis of bacillary hemoglobinuria
- caused by C. haemolyticum (type D) - latent spores in liver - anaerobic conditions enhanced by F. hepatica (liver fluke) - germination of spores due to high nitrate diet, liver puncture/biopsy or other necrosis - beta toxin causes intravascular hemolysis leading to hemoglobinuria - red/purple urine
51
what bacteria causes "blacks disease" - infectious necrotic hepatitis in sheep/cattle characterized by necrosis surrounded by neutrophils and abundant gram + rods & foci of coagulation necrosis & hemorrhage due to exotoxin also associated with migration tracts of liver flukes
Clostridium novyi (type B)
52
what parasite causes "milk spotted liver" in pigs
Ascaris suum
53
what parasite causes venal caval syndrome (DIC, intravascular hemolysos and acute hepatic failure) in dogs
Dirofilaria immitis
54
characteristics of equine serum hepatitis
"theiler's disease" hepatic failure with hepatic encephalopathy, icterus, intravascular hemolysis in terminal stages due to injection of biologic containing equine serum like tetanus antitoxin or gonadotropin
55
list toxic causes of acute hepatic injury
acetaminophen carprofen cyanobacteria such as microcystin LR or blue green algae alpha-amanitin (amanita mushrooms) acute aflatoxicosis (mycotoxin from Aspergillus flavus) xylitol
56
which hepatotoxin results in methemoglobinemia & hepatotoxicity, renal injury possible
acetominophen
57
which hepatotoxin results in hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and hemorrhagic liver, centrilobular or massive hepatic necrosis and hemorrhage
cyanobacteria (microcystin LR or blue green algae)
58
which hepatotoxin results in massive hepatocellular necrosis, ductular reactions, hydropic degeneration
alpha-amanitin (amanita mushrooms)
59
which hepatotoxin results in centrilobular to midzonal or massive necrosis and vacuolar degeneration
xylitol
60
what hepatotoxin results in steatosis & cholestasis
subacte aflatoxicosis
61
what hepatotoxin results in bridging fibrosis & biliary hyperplasia
chronic aflatoxicosis

BOD II (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions