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MET 2 > Liver anatomy > Flashcards

Liver anatomy Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What structures can be seen if you reflect back the left lobe of the liver

A
  • oesophagus from stomach

- diaphragm

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2
Q

What is found to left of liver

A
  • Duodenum

- Right kidney

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3
Q

What is found behind the liver

A

IVC
Abdominal aorta/ coeliac trunk
Superior mesenteric vein and artery

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4
Q

Name the surfaces of the liver

A

Diaphragmatic surface

Visceral surface

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5
Q

Where is the visceral surface

A

Up against the organs behind the liver

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6
Q

What is the role of the subphrenic recess

A

Separates liver from the diaphragm

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7
Q

What divides the subphrenic recess longitudinally

A

Faciform liver

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8
Q

Where is the hepatorenal recess

A

Between the liiver and the kidney

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9
Q

Where do you 2 recesses join

A

Anterioly

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10
Q

How many lobes are in the liver

A

4

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11
Q

What is the largest lobe in the liver

A

Right lobe

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12
Q

What lobes are attached directly to right lobe

A

2 accesory lobes

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13
Q

What separates right and left lobes

A

Faciform ligament

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14
Q

What attaches the liver to anterior wall

A

Falciform ligament

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15
Q

How does the falciform ligament continue

A

Continues as the round ligament/ ligamentum teres

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16
Q

What other ligaments are formed peritoneum

A

Coronary

Triangular

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17
Q

Which surface of the liver is the fossa between right and left lobes found

A

Visceral

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18
Q

What is contained in the fossa between R and L lobes

A

Gall bladder and vena cava

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19
Q

Where is the caudate lobe found

A

Between fissure for ligamentum venosum and groove for IVC

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20
Q

How does the round ligament continue posteriorly

A

As the ligamentum venosum

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21
Q

Where is the quadrate lobe found

A

Between fissure for ligamentum teres and GB

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22
Q

Where is the bare area of the ligament

A

Anterior part of the liver

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23
Q

What kind of peritoneum on bare area of liverr

A

none

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24
Q

What is the porta-hepatis

A

Entrance into the liver

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25
Where does the bile come out
Via bile duct
26
What attaches the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver
Hepatogastric part of the lesser omentum
27
What attaches the liver to the duodenum
Hepatoduodenal part of the lesser omentum
28
What is contained in the porta hepatis
Hepatic portal vein Hepatic artery Bile duct
29
What is meant by the dual blood supply of the liver
Hepatic portal vein and the hepatic artery both go in
30
How many segments does Couinauds segments divide liver into
8
31
What transects the segments in horizontal plane
Left and right portal veins
32
What transects the segments in the vertical plane
Hepatic veins
33
What is meant by the pringle manoeuvre
Clamping the pedicle area by the hepato-duodenal ligament in order to buy time during a trauma
34
What is the first midline branch of the abdominal aorta
Coeliac trunk
35
What are the branches of the coeliac trunk
Left gastric Splenic artery Hepatic artery common
36
What significant branch comes off of the splenic artery
Left gastroepiploic
37
What branches come off the common hepatic artery
Gastroduodenal branch Hepatic artery proper Right and left hepatic artery
38
Where is cystic artery from? | What does it supply
Right hepatic artery | Gall bladder`
39
What % of blood supply to the liver is arterial
25
40
What % of blood supply to the liver comes from the hepatic portal system
75
41
Where does inferior mesenteric vein drain
Into the splenic
42
How many sites of porto-systemic anastamoses are there
4
43
How many capillary beds does the portal system have
2
44
What are the 3 main regions that can drain either into hepatic or caval system
- Oesophageal region - Anterior abdominal wall region - Rectal region
45
In which 2 ways can blood from the anterior abdominal region drain?
- Up to the umbilical and into hepatic portal system, through liver and then into IVC - Down inferior and superficial epigastrics which joins iliacs and into IVC
46
In which 2 ways can blood from the rectal region drain
- Midlde and inferior rectal veins go into the caval system into iliacs and into the IVC - Superior rectal vein goes into hepatic portal system
47
How does oesophageal region drain
Into the azygos region and into the SVC then into the right heart Flow into gastric branches into portal vein etc
48
What problems are associated with having a dual drainage system
If there is damage to the liver there is a blockage of blood and back-up It starts to course along collateral routes into caval system
49
Where is the fourth anastomoses
Colic veins and retroperitoneal veins
50
Define cirrhosis
Replacement of liver tissue by fibrosis, scar tissue amd regenerative nodules leading to loss of liver function
51
What is normal portal pressure
9mmHg
52
Define portal hypertension
When portain pressure gradient (difference between portal and IVC pressure) is more than 10
53
How large must the spleen be before it is palpatable
5 times it normal size
54
Where do oesophageal varices usually occur
Anastomoses of left gastric vein with oesophageal veins | Gastro-oesophageal junction
55
Main cause of oesophageal varices
Portal hypertension
56
Less common causes of oesophageal varices
Ulcers, tumours, erosision, gastroenteritis
57
Define ascites
Fluid in peritoneal space
58
How does liver cirrhosis lead to ascites
Non functioning liver means less albumin, so osmotic pressure not maintained Fluid leaks from interstitial fluid into peritoneal cavity
59
Are haemorrhoids the ano-rectal varies the same
No
60
Why do ano-rectal varices happen
Swelling of vessels due to portal hypertension

MET 2 (32 decks)

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