Liver and its cardiovascular system

Question 1

__________Serves as an interface between blood from GI tract and the bloodstream

Answer 1

the liver

Question 2

list two blood supplies of the liver

Answer 2

Portal venous system (GI tract)

Hepatic venous system (normal bloodstream)

Question 3

_____stores nutrients from the GI tract processed/stored until needed

Answer 3

the liver

Question 4

the liver is involved in __________-_______

Answer 4

Bile production- exocrine secretion

Question 5

where is the liver located?

Answer 5

right hypochondrium (behind ribs)
Top of abdominal cavity, beneath diaphragm

Question 6

the liver is enclosed by a thin connective tissue membrane called _______

Answer 6

Glissons capsule

Question 7

what are the two main lobes of the liver?

Answer 7

Left - smallest, Riedels lobe

Right - largest, quadrate and caudal lobes

Question 8

what percentage of resting cardiac output does the liver take?

Answer 8

25%

i.e. 1.5L/min

Question 9

which blood vessels supplies blood to the liver?

Answer 9

Hepatic artery

Hepatic portal vein

Question 10

Both vessels enter liver at _______

Answer 10

porta hepatis

Question 11

Blood drains from the liver via _________

Answer 11

the hepatic vein

Question 12

list 4 facts about the hepatic portal system.

Answer 12

Supplies about 80% of hepatic blood

Carries oxygen-poor, nutrient-rich blood from intestine, pancreas and spleen

Branches to form portal venules (in the triads)

Portal venules branch into smaller capillaries which

Question 13

list 4 facts about the hepatic arterial system.

Answer 13

Supplies 20% of hepatic blood

Carries oxygenated blood from the aorta

Branches to form smaller arterioles and capillaries

Smallest vessels empty into sinuosoids

Question 14

list 3 facts about sinuosoids.

Answer 14

Large spaces lined by specialist cells

Nutrient-rich portal blood and oxygen-rich arterial blood mix and surround hepatocytes and other cells.

Sinusoids conduct the blood centrally, converging into central vein - sublobular veins - hepatic vein - inferior vena cava

Question 15

_________ Structure allows hepatocytes to be in direct contact with blood/plasma

Answer 15

Sinusoids

Question 16

sinusoid walls are lined by specialized cells _____,_____and _______

Answer 16

Endothelial cells

Kupffer cells

Ito cells

Question 17

______are large spaces between hepatic plates

Answer 17

sinusoids

Question 18

_______ is a continuation of the surrounding capsule of Glisson

Answer 18

stroma

Question 19

list 6 structures in the stroma.

Answer 19

Lobule/acinus

Hepatic/portal triad

Central vein

Hepatocytes

Sinusoids

Canaliculi

Question 20

list 4 facts about the portal triad.

Answer 20

3-6 triads per lobule

Corners between lobules

Surrounded by connective tissue

Also small lymphatics and autonomics

Question 21

list 3 facts about the central vein.

Answer 21

Form the centre of the lobules

Blood drains from sinusoids

Radiating chords of hepatocytes called plates

Question 22

list six structures in the liver lobule

Answer 22

sinusoids

bile duct

Bile canaliculi

branch portal vein

branch hepatic artery

central vein

Question 23

_______is the Predominant cell type in the liver

Answer 23

Hepatocytes

Question 24

list 5 facts about hepatocytes

Answer 24

60% liver cells

80% liver volume

250 billion

Large 20 - 30µm

Unusual epithelia

Question 25

list 5 facts about the endothelial cells of the sinusoid in the liver

Answer 25

45% sinusoid cell volume Flattened, elongated cells with cytoplasmic projections Fenestrae - endothelial filter barrier (Blood/plasma in contact with hepatocytes) Space of Disse between Endo and Hepato Endocytosis of cmpds – (lipoproteins, glycoproteins)

Question 26

list 3 facts about the kupffer cells of the sinusoid in the liver

Answer 26

35% sinusoidal volume, inside sinusoids Phagocytic cells – (80-90% of fixed macrophages) Pyramidal - star shaped – pseudopodia

Question 27

list 6 functions of the kupffer cells of the sinusoid in the liver

Answer 27

phagocytosis processing of antigens, synthesis and catabolism of lipids, clearing of erythrocytes, haemoglobin degradation, enzyme catabolism

Question 28

list 4 facts about Ito cells in the liver

Answer 28

20% cell volume - also called lipocytes, stellate cells or fat storing cells Usually found within the Space of Disse (perisinusoidal space) Characteristic large lipid vacuoles Size and number dependent on nutritional status of the patient

Question 29

what are the zones of the liver?

Answer 29

zone 1 zone 2 zone 3

Question 30

list 3 facts about zone 1 of the liver

Answer 30

Periportal cells, near portal triad Blood with highest oxygen and nutrients More resistant to damage

Question 31

list a facts about zone 2 of the liver

Answer 31

Intermediate zone

Question 32

list 4 facts about zone 3 of the liver

Answer 32

Perivenular (pericentral/centrilobular), near central vein Lowest oxygen content blood More prone to damage Abundant smooth ER - P450