upper GI conditions

Question 1

what are the potential caisues of dyspepsia

Answer 1

Oesophagitis​

Gastro oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)​

Barrett’s oesophagus​

Gastritis​

Type A​

Type B​

Type C​

Peptic ulcers​

Gastric ulcer​

Duodenal ulcer​

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome​

Gastric cancer.

Question 2

The type of muscle in the ​

muscularis of the oesophagus​

varies by region​ namely

Answer 2

the superior 1/3 is skeletal muscle​

the intermediate 1/3 is ​

skeletal and smooth muscle​

the inferior 1/3 is smooth muscle​

Adventitia replaces serosa.​

Question 3

in barrett’s oesophagus the normal stratified epithelium of the oesophagus is replaced with simple columnar epithelium why is that?

Answer 3

the simple columnar epithelium have goblet cells which secrete mucus. this helps protect against the reflux of acid when a person is having GORD

Question 4

what techniques to improve diagnosis of barrett’s oesophagus?

Answer 4

using post acetic acid chromoendoscopy.