Liverpool Flashcards
(21 cards)
what is the case study of Liverpool to show?
it’s to show the past and present connections/developments can shape places
liverpool historical context?
- was small fishing village, 1700 it grew quick due to Atlantic slave trade
- post industries based on imports from slave trade
- city continued to grow post abolition of slave trade as a major port for trading with Americas
- it was a busy emigration place for ppl wishing to leave the USA etc
- 19th century potato famine= lots of Irish ppl went into Liverpool
cultural context
- rich music and poetry history
Music - The Beatles
Poetry - Roger McGough - has 2 premier league football teams (Liverpool and Everton)
- awarded European capital of culture 2008= transformation from investment
- 15 mill plus visitors for 7000 cultural events held in a year
- historical immigration from Irish, Somali etc = multi cultural identity now, diverse ethnicity
- music from beatles etc= exported around world= UNESCO world city of music 2015
globalisation and connectivity
- Liverpool John Lennon airport = international links
- cruise terminal redevelopment = global tourism
- Liverpool waters project = £5bn investment into former docklands for businesses and residential use
—> controversial (as a heritage site)
decline since 1930s
- decline in 19th century of industries in the docks (less exports)
- modern industries = more towards SE of UK
- decrease shipping movements to Americas etc
- port based industries using imported raw materials decreased
- increased trade with Europe= ports in East and south of UK were better located
- dicks too small and shallow to take modern general and container shopping —> containerisation= older docks unsuitable —> port established at sea fourth further along mersey estuary
- increase unemployment due to containerisation , fewer docks required and decrease industrial employment —> certain areas (Toxteth) now derelict and run down
results of decline ?
- 1981 docks were abandoned, derelict, unusable
- most housing that remained= terraces and poor conditions
- clearance of bomb damaged areas post WW11 = replaced with poorly built tower blocks= needed refurbishment
- Liverpools population down in 70’s = less housing needed = tower blocks demolished
- unemployment rise = hopelessness for locals
- UK recession early 1980s =locals in 1981 blew up = Toxeth riots —> battles with police, Liverpool now poorest city of Europe —> riots = catalyst for urban redevelopment in the city
early regeneration- town down approach?
- Merseyside development corporation 1981 post riots = pioneered renovation of central docklands area
- 1988 redevelopment of Albert Docks flagship development for MDC= tourist attraction
- 1993= new office developments
- 1984= International garden festival= provided money to clear derelict land and offered high profile event to attract investors
early regeneration- bottom up approach?
- 1986 Eldonian village = new build housing co-operative for less well off —> was near Vauxhall near city centre , was an area of poor housing conditions
- Cathedral development in Toxteth= small scale housing development late 80s for cathedral staff and low rent social housing
recent regeneration?
- liverpools waterfront declared a UNESCO world heritage site (2004) —> over 4 million visitors a year , historic importance
- £19 million miner terminal built in Prices Dock area as Liverpool has become popular for cruise liners
- rebuilding museum if Liverpool life (+ £70 million)
- Liverpool One Project (shopping and leisure development) - cost £1bn which was all raised in private sectors
-nearly £4bn been invested to regeneration of city
other key points on Liverpool now?
- black lives matter movement came from America and local govt= looking to rename streets and remove slave trader names
- built environment is protected and stayed same in places e.g. docks, royal liver building
- international slavery museum now in the docks= link to past
- Anfield project= investment into housing , stadium expansion, community spaces etc
- now lots of cycle routes etc and parks for environment e.g. Liverpool One has a 5 acre park in middle of city centre
BUT pressure to built on greenfield sites due to city growth and lots of waste disposal as city grows —> now commuter settlement in suburbs etc as well due to accessibility= pollution and congestion etc
how did the money from slave trade impact the built environment?
it meant “The Great Hall” in St George’s Hall was built
does it still have the maritime mercantile city status by UNESCO?
no only lasted from 2004-2021
lost due to proposed development of the North shore (regeneration to improve job opportunities and socio-economic status)
has a musical influence on global stage!
.
regeneration vs conservation?
Titanic hotel encouraged development of Grade 2 listed tobacco building to residential and exhibition space
heritage rebranding now
.
urban change?
bought social and economic opportunities BUT also new housing more expensive due to redevelopment = displacement of old residents (gentrification)
past connections with other places?
- queens way tunnel (longest in world) 1934
- passenger steam railway opened = connected Liverpool to Manchester
- Royal Liver Building (1911)= Europe 1st skyscraper = led world into tall buildings
- 4.75mill emigrated to America’s went through Liverpool
- “Cunard Yanks”= brought back American rocks and roll
- Liverpool has US style of redevelopment - NYC of Europe!
- worlds 1st commercial wet dock
- cultural heritage protected
- tradition of repurposing old docks
is there still deprivation?
yes in North Liverpool
why did Liverpool decline?
because of deindustrialisation
where is Liverpool located ?
North west England on River Mersey
Capital of culture (2008)= boosts tourism , music etc
