Living environment

Question 1

the sum total of the chemical reactions happening within a cell or organism

Answer 1

metabliosm

Question 2

the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment

Answer 2

homeostasis

Question 3

• the removal of metabolic waste
• ex. the exhalation of carbon dioxide and water

Answer 3

excretion

Question 4

• the process that occurs by an increase in cell size or cell number
• ex. a child grows 4 cm in a year

Answer 4

growth

Question 5

• the production of complex substances from simpler substances
• ex. the synthesis of glycogen from glucose

Answer 5

synthesis

Question 6

• the absorption and circulation of substances within an organism
• ex. glucose in the intestine reached a muscle cell

Answer 6

transport

Question 7

• the production of new organisms that are essentially the same as their parents
• ex. the deer population of an area doubles over a period of time

Answer 7

reproduction

Question 8

• the production of energy in an organism as a result of the oxidation of food materials
• ex. sugar is converted into energy

Answer 8

respiration

Question 9

• maintaining stability in response to environmental changes
• ex. body temp is maintained at 37C regardless of outside temp

Answer 9

regulation

Question 10

• obtaining food materials that are used as fuel
• ex. the breakdown of proteins into simple amino acids

Answer 10

nutrition

Question 11

• fast source of energy
• made up of monosaccarides
• CHO

Answer 11

carbohydrates

Question 12

• fats
• fatty acids make up of lipids
• great source for long term energy
• provide insulation
• make up cell membrane
• CHO

Answer 12

lipids

Question 13

• made up of amino acids
• important for muscle movement, working in the immune system and acting as enzymes
• CHON

Answer 13

proteins

Question 14

• important to DNA and RNA
• made up of nucleotides
• DNA in nucleus
• living things contain this
• CHONP

Answer 14

nucleic acids

Question 15

cell theory

Answer 15

1. All organisms are made of cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of life.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Question 16

• regulates all cell activities, contains DNA
• surrounded by a nuclear membrane

Answer 16

nucleus

Question 17

• site of cellular respiration and production of ATP
• contains its own DNA and ribosomes

Answer 17

mitochondria

Question 18

• site of photosynthesis and production of glucose and O2
• contains Chlorophyll its own DNA and ribosomes, found in plants, algae and phytoplankton

Answer 18

chloroplast

Question 19

• selectively permeable and regulates what crosses
• has fluidity and found in all cells

Answer 19

cell membrane

Question 20

• site for protein synthesis
• found in all cells

Answer 20

ribosomes

Question 21

• structure and support of cell, and site of many chemical reactions
• cytosol + cytoskeleton
• found in all cells

Answer 21

cytoplasm

Question 22

• provides structure and support
• found in plant, prokaryotic and fungal cells
• in plants, contains cellulose

Answer 22

cell wall

Question 23

2 layers of lipids

Answer 23

phospholipid bilayer

Question 24

head of lipid

Answer 24

hydrophilic

Question 25

tails of lipid

Answer 25

hydrophobic

Question 26

- doesn't require energy to move - from high to low concentration - a concentration gradient occurs when the concentration of particles is higher in one area than another

Answer 26

passive transport

Question 27

the transport of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without the use of energy

Answer 27

diffusion

Question 28

the transport of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without the use of energy

Answer 28

osmosis

Question 29

- the diffusion of a substance with the help of a transport protein - high -> low concentration without energy

Answer 29

facilitated diffusion

Question 30

- the difference in the concentration of a substance between 2 areas - there is potential energy in the highly concentrated area b//c the molecules are moving and collided into each other and want to spread out

Answer 30

concentration gradient

Question 31

- movement of substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration - energy is used - movement against the concentration gradient

Answer 31

active transport

Question 32

- low H2O and high solute - inside the cell in hypotonic and outside the cell is hypertonic - substance diffuses OUT OF THE INSIDE OF THE CELL - shriveled animal cell - shrinks/flaccid/wilt plant cell

Answer 32

hypertonic

Question 33

- high H2O and low solute - inside the cell in hypertonic and outside the cell is hypotonic - substance diffuses INTO THE CELL FROM THE OUTSIDE OF THE CELL - lysed/burst animal cell - turgid plant cell

Answer 33

hypotonic

Question 34

- H20=solute - normal plant and animal cell

Answer 34

isotonic

Question 35

- most chemical reactions on cells require the help of these proteins - react with a substrate - have a specific shape and only work with specific substrates - reusable - named after their substrate - large proteins - catalysts that speed up chemical reactions

Answer 35

enzymes

Question 36

a late substrate is broken down into small products

Answer 36

digestion reaction

Question 37

2 small substrates are linked together to create a large product

Answer 37

synthesis reaction