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LEAPES Midterm > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q
  • broad niche
  • adaptable to many environments
  • less likely to become extinct
  • variety of resources
  • high range of tolerance
  • advantage in changing conditions
A

generalist

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2
Q

keystone species that creates or maintains habitat for other species

A

ecosystem engineer

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3
Q

diversity of ife forms in an environment

A

biodiversity

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4
Q

variety of genes on a region

A

genetic diversity

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5
Q
  • no regular pattern
  • hurricanes
  • volcanic eruptions
A

random

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6
Q
  • occur somewhat regularly
  • weather patterns
  • high/low pressure
A

episodic

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7
Q
  • day/night
  • moon phases
  • tides
A

periodic

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8
Q

about of a system to continue functioning under changing conditions or during disturbances

A

ecosystem stability

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9
Q

evolutionary force that cause a particular phenotype to be more favorable in certain environmental conditions

A

selective pressures

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10
Q

ecosystems with high species diversity have high resilience

A

ecosystem resilience

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11
Q

final stage of succession

A

climax community

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12
Q

ecosystems provide numerous support services such as pollination of food crops, filtration of pathogens and toxins from water

A

supporting services

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13
Q

ecosystems regulate environmental conditions

A

regulating services

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14
Q

the awe-inspiring beauty of nature has instrumental value because it provides an aesthetic benefit for which people are willing to pay for

A

cultural services

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15
Q

these are the goods used directly by humans

A

provisioning services

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16
Q

direct and indirect contributions ecosystems provide for human well being and quality of life

A

ecosystem services

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17
Q

development of a new ecosystem

A

succession

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18
Q

large set of situations in which adaptations ends up further increasing environmental degradation

A

maladaptive

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19
Q

species that no longer exists in one place but exists in another

A

extirpation

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20
Q
  • non-native species accidentally or purposefully introduced into a ecosystem that threaten or harm native populations
  • generalist and r-selected
A

invasive species

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21
Q
  • development of a new ecosystem on bare rock with NO soil and where there wasn’t one before
  • glacier retreats
  • volcanic eruptions
  • abandoned parking lot
A

primary succession

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22
Q

toxic contaminants such as pesticides, heavy metals, acids, and oil spills, thermal pollution, excessive nutrients, endocrine disruptors

A

pollution

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23
Q

habitat that is broken into pieces by devlopment, logging roads, industry, dams

A

habitat fragmentation

24
Q

Est. 1973, it authorizes the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to determine which species can be listed as threatened or endangered and prohibits the harming of these species

A

endangered species act

25
states that larger habitats/islands typically contain more species and the closer the island is to the mainland the greater the species richness
theory of island biogeography
26
traits that enable an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
adaptation
27
variety of ecosystems in a region
ecosystem diversity
28
plant or animal demonstrates that come distinctive aspect of the character or quality of an ecosystem is present
indicator species
29
human activities
anthropogenic
30
- species that can colonize new areas rapidly and grow well in full sunshine - ex. lichens and mosses
pioneer species
31
- the belief that ecosystems serve to satisfy human needs, interests and has economic benefits - nature has worth as a tool to be used and measured in the services provided to humans
instrumental value
32
group of similar organisms that can breed and reproduce fertile offspring
species
33
- occurs when land is cleared of vegetation but soil remains, and a new ecosystem develops - natural disaster - deforestation farm abandoned
secondary succession
34
number of species in a given area
species richness
35
- a species that is not very abundant but has large effects on an ecological community - ex. sea otter
key stone species
36
relative proportion of individuals within the different species in a given area
species evenness
37
- this is the perspective that nature has value in its own right, independent of human uses - ecosystems have value because of their beauty, and spiritual or religious importance
intrinsic value
38
change in the genetic composition of a population over time
evolution
39
- any change in DNA, genes or chromosomes - DNA replication - occur in gametes/sex cells - benefit organism - create variation in a population and allow natural selection to happen
mutation
40
the process in which the environment determines which individuals survive and reproduce
natural selection
41
population experiences a drastic reduction in numbers due to habitat loss, natural disaster, harvesting by humans, or any other random event
bottleneck effect
42
desirable traits
selected for
43
bad eyesight and hearing
selected against
44
- introduces desirable genes and other less desirable genes -takes a long time to obtain organism with desirable traits
artificial selection
45
- all species are limited by the abiotic conditions they can tolerate - all species have an optimal environment in which it functions well - temp extremes, humidity, salinity, and pH
range of tolerance
46
- unit of evolution - group of same species
population
47
interactions among species
community
48
global mass extinction event responsible for eliminating about 80% of all species of animals during Cretaceous and Paleogene periods about 66 million years ago
K-T mass extinction
49
species that are found exclusively in a specific geographic region and nowhere else on earth
endemic
50
- narrow niche - less adaptable - more likely to become extinct - eat specific foods - affected by changing conditions easily - advantage in same conditions
specialist
51
the sum total of an organism’s use of abiotic/biotic resources in the environment
ecological niche
52
large extinction of species in a relatively short period of time
mass extinction
53
regions that contain a high level of species diversity
biodiversity hot spots
54
population of species dies
extinction
55
populations are geographically seperated, they will diverge from one another, both in the way they look and genetically
geographical speciation
56
SLOSS
single large or several small

LEAPES Midterm (7 decks)

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