LL5

Question 1

What is Fourier Analysis primarily concerned with?

Answer 1

Decomposition into basis functions

Question 2

What is a key application of filtering in the frequency domain?

Answer 2

Selection of frequencies

Question 3

What does a histogram represent in image analysis?

Answer 3

Distribution of Intensities

Question 4

What is the purpose of histogram transformations?

Answer 4

To adjust the intensity distribution in an image

Question 5

What does the Gamma Function relate to in image processing?

Answer 5

It relates to the brightness and contrast of images

Question 6

What are the types of filters mentioned?

Answer 6

• Uniform
• Rank
• Variance
• Convolution

Question 7

What does the dynamic range of a device refer to?

Answer 7

Lowest to Highest value that can be achieved

Question 8

What is the optimal use of dynamic range important for?

Answer 8

• Analysis
• Display

Question 9

How is contrast defined according to Weber?

Answer 9

Luminance foreground vs background

Question 10

How is contrast defined according to Michelson?

Answer 10

Luminance Min/Max

Question 11

What does the image histogram function p(rk) represent?

Answer 11

Probability of intensity rk to occur

Question 12

What is the formula for histogram equalization?

Answer 12

sk = T(rk) where T is the transformation function

Question 13

What is the purpose of contrast stretching?

Answer 13

To enhance the visual appearance of images

Question 14

What does cumulative distribution function (CDF) represent?

Answer 14

A function of the distribution of a real-valued variable X

Question 15

What is gamma correction used for?

Answer 15

To adjust images for non-linear display characteristics

Question 16

What is the purpose of a lookup table (LUT) in image processing?

Answer 16

To map input intensity values to output intensity values

Question 17

What are the types of image file formats mentioned?

Answer 17

• Lossless, uncompressed
• Lossless, compressed
• Lossy, compressed

Question 18

What is the result of applying histogram equalization?

Answer 18

Redistribution of intensity values over the intensity domain

Question 19

What does the term ‘dynamic range mapping’ refer to?

Answer 19

Mapping intensity values to a specified range

Question 20

What is the significance of the standard deviation in contrast?

Answer 20

It indicates how well the dynamic range is used

Question 21

What is the main goal of image analysis in microscopy?

Answer 21

To extract meaningful information from microscopic images

Question 22

What does the term ‘image inversion’ refer to in LUT settings?

Answer 22

Iout = 255 - Iin

Question 23

What is a key characteristic of the gamma function in image processing?

Answer 23

It compensates for non-linear transformations of voltage to intensity

Question 24

What is the role of spatial frequency distribution in image formats?

Answer 24

It helps determine compression types in lossy formats

Question 25

What is the purpose of image processing?

Answer 25

Transforms input images into output images

Question 26

Name three types of operations involved in image processing.

Answer 26

* Point operations * Algebraic operations * Logic operations

Question 27

What is a pointwise transformation in image processing?

Answer 27

Transformation that operates on each pixel independently

Question 28

Fill in the blank: The principle of weighing in image processing has multiple forms, including _______.

Answer 28

[Convolution]

Question 29

What is the output pixel intensity formula in image processing?

Answer 29

Out(i,j) = F(In1(k,l), In2(k,l), ... Inn(k,l))

Question 30

What are neighborhood operations in image processing?

Answer 30

Operations that consider a pixel's surrounding pixels

Question 31

What is a median filter?

Answer 31

A rank filter that uses the median value of neighborhood pixels

Question 32

True or False: The convolution filter is a type of neighborhood operation.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What does the Kuwahara filter do?

Answer 33

Edge-preserving smoothing of images

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The kernel size in a median filter determines the _______.

Answer 34

[Effect]

Question 35

What is the purpose of noise reduction in image processing?

Answer 35

To reduce unwanted variations in image data

Question 36

What is the Gaussian kernel used for in convolution?

Answer 36

To determine the extent of the convolution function

Question 37

List two examples of logical operations performed on images.

Answer 37

* Image A OR Image D * Image A XOR Image D

Question 38

What is the output value in convolution?

Answer 38

A weighted sum of intensity values around the corresponding input pixel location

Question 39

What is a rank filter used for?

Answer 39

To perform operations based on the rank of pixel values

Question 40

What is the role of a filter kernel in image processing?

Answer 40

Defines the area and weights used for filtering

Question 41

True or False: Convolution filters can be used for edge detection.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

What is a complex filter in image processing?

Answer 42

Filters that combine multiple operations for enhanced results

Question 43

Fill in the blank: The central value in a filter is often referred to as _______.

Answer 43

[CentralImel]

Question 44

What does the term 'algebraic operations' refer to in image processing?

Answer 44

Operations involving mathematical functions applied to pixel values

Question 45

What does a neighborhood filter class include?

Answer 45

* Intensity filters * Rank filters * Geometrical transformations

Question 46

What is the significance of the filter size?

Answer 46

It determines the extent of the filtering effect on the image