LO1-2 Neurological Disorders Flashcards

Question

CVA/ TIA Treatment

Answer 1

``` Secure airway Suction ready Positioning Constant reassessment of ABC Supplemental oxygen BGL IV try 2 large bore Avoid using the affected limb Cardiac monitoring COMMUNICATE KEEP THEM INFORMED THEY CAN STILL HEAR YOU ALS Get to hospital with abilities ```

Answer 2

Sudden temporarily loss of consciousness and lose all postural tone Older people: dysrhythmias Younger: vagal Short in nature usually only a matter of seconds ``` No postictal period Causes Cardiac rhythm Cardiac muscle Dehydration Hypoglycemia Vasovagal ```

Answer 3

Occurs when and infectious agent invades the CNS Over time swelling may occur causing neural tissue damage and increased ICP Signs and symptoms gradual and subtle, signs indicating infection

Answer 4

``` Alcohol Epilepsy Insulin Overdose Uremia (build up of toxins from renal disease) Trauma Infection Psychiatric or poisons Stroke ```

Answer 5

``` Hallmarks of ICP Cushings reflex Bradycardia Slow resps Hypertension ABCs Rule out treatable causes Symptomatically IV Cardiac monitor ALS if needed Transport ```

Answer 6

Lou Gehrig’s Disease Involves the death of voluntary motor neurons There is no effect on the patients consciousness In most cases it is fatal Progression of ALS is patient dependent

Answer 7

Is a developmental condition that causes damage to the brain, typically the frontal lobe It is a self limiting condition and doesn’t worsen over time Begins in infancy, milestones like walking, crawling and talking maybe delayed 70-80% of CP cases are “spastic” (near constant state of contraction)

Answer 8

Autoimmune condition that attacks the myelin sheath of neurons in the brain and spinal cord MS presentation usually follows a pattern of attacks and remissions The initial attack double vision and blurred vision or common reports other symptoms include muscle weakness impairment of pain, temperature and touch, tremors, speech disturbances, vertigo, bladder or bowel dysfunction, depression, euphoria, cognitive abnormalities and fatigue

Answer 9

A non neurological condition of genetic origin marked by degeneration of muscular tissue Many forms of MD exist May affect all types of muscles including respiratory and cardiac muscles Mostly males Diagnosed before 5 years old Life expectancy not past 20 years

Answer 10

The portion of the brain that produces dopamine becomes damaged Dopamine is responsible for smooth muscle contraction and other things ``` The classical presentation is: Tremor Postural instability Rigidity Bradykinesia- choppy movements ``` Continues to advance and worsen

Answer 11

Viral infection In children Fecal oral route Multiplies in intestine and moves to neuro system Through vaccinations this disease has been almost eradicated from the world

Answer 12

``` NV Sore throat Diarrhea Stiff neck Weakness or paralysis ```

Answer 13

Severe abnormal muscle spasms that caused bizarre contortions, repetitive motions or postures Involuntary and often painful Sometimes caused by medication’s

Answer 14

is a primary dystonia in which the neck muscles contract twitching the head to one side and pulling it forward or backward the head then remains painfully frozen in that position

Answer 15

Temporary paralysis of the facial nerve seventh cranial nerve This facial nerve controls the muscles on each side of the face transmits taste sensations from the tongue And the talk is very sudden and can easily be confused with a stroke Find and symptoms include eyelid drooping, facial droop or weakness, drooling and loss of the ability to taste Will often resolve within two weeks

Answer 16

the body’s reaction to the infection the activities of the attacking organisms

Answer 17

endotoxins: are proteins that are released by Graham negative bacteria when they die exotoxins: are proteins that are secreted by some bacteria or fungi to aid in the death and digestion of other cells

Answer 18

Rare condition Causes is unclear Condition is frightening for patients It begins with weakness in the legs the progresses to the thorax and finally arms Onset times is rather short- some cases hours from full mobility to complete paralysis requiring ventilator support

Answer 19

Infection or inflammation of the meninges Caused either by bacteria or virus Viral more common True diagnosis comes fro CSF exam Can be contagious Signs and symptoms start with flu symptoms Tell-tale sign is stiff neck

Answer 20

Acute inflammation or infection ofnthe brain Differs from menigitis because it effects brain tissue rather that the meninges May be cause by Meningitis Virus Bacteria Can be contagious

Answer 21

Cancer in the brain or spinal cord Two basic types: Primary: began in nervous system Metastatic: began else where and metastasized to nervous system

Answer 22

Degenerative: results were normal structure is altered overtime Developmental: arise in portions of the nervous system are not formed correctly The earlier the errors the more severe than damage

Answer 23

headache changes of mental status (behaviour personality) n/v stroke like symptoms seizures may present like brain abscess but no signs of infection] can be rapid or gradual

Answer 24

The trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, Vagus and hypoglossal nerves

Answer 25

a state in which the patient does not respond to verbal or painful stimuli

Answer 26

patient will be unable to name common objects because connections between visual interpretation of objects in the words that name them have been damaged

Answer 27

refers to the inability to know how to use a common object

Answer 28

the patient cannot understand or receive speech but is able to speak clearly This form of aphasia indicates damage to the temporal lobe

Answer 29

the patient cannot speak or expressed some selves clearly but is able to understand speech This form of aphasia indicates damage to the frontal lobe which controls the motor portion of speech

Answer 30

this form of aphasia is a combination of expressive and receptive patient will not follow commands and cannot answer your questions but they can think clearly

Answer 31

unequal pupils with greater than 1 mm difference- can be a sign of increased ICP

Answer 32

The involuntary, rhythmic movement of the eyes can be caused by seizures, vertigo and MS

Answer 33

weakness of one side of the body

Answer 34

paralysis of one side of the body

Answer 35

in which nerves cross as they leave the cerebral cortex move through the brain stem and arrive at the spinal cord Left cerebral stroke with therefore result in right side arm and leg weakness but left side facial droop

Answer 36

the term used to describe changes in a persons ability to perform coordinated motions like walking

Answer 37

is a type of involuntary contraction of the muscles that is rapid and jerky nature

Answer 38

Intension tremors: occur when the patient tries to reach out and grab an object Postural tremors: occur when a body part is required to maintain the same position for a long period of time

Answer 39

sensation of numbness or tingling

Answer 40

if the patient can feel nothing within a body part

LO1-2 Neurological Disorders Flashcards

(64 cards)