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EMER 198 > LO5-6 Toxicology > Flashcards

LO5-6 Toxicology Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

o Carbon monoxide signs

A 
	Flu symptoms
	Unable to think clearly
	Bounding pulses
	Dilated pupils
	Pallor or cyanosis
	Cherry red skin is late sign and already dead
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2
Q

Toxidrome

A
  • Narcotics, cholinergics, anticholinergics, sympathomimetics, stimulants and sedative hypnotics
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3
Q

Stimulant drugs

A 
o	Amphetamine
o	Methamphetamine
o	Cocaine
o	Diet aids
o	Nasal decongestants
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4
Q

Stimulant s/s

A 
o	Restlessness
o	Agitation
o	Incessant talking
o	Insomnia
o	Anorexia
o	Dilated pupils
o	Tachycardia
o	Tachypnea
o	Hypertension/hypotension
o	Paranoia
o	Seizures
o	Cardiac arrest
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5
Q

Narcotic (opiate and opiod)

- Drugs:

A 
o	Heroin
o	Opium
o	Morphine
o	Hydromorphine (Dilaudid)
o	Fentanyl
o	Percodan
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6
Q

Narcotic (opiate and opiod)

-Signs and symptoms

A 
o	Pin point pupils
o	Respiratory depression
o	Needle tracts
o	Drowsiness
o	Coma
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7
Q

Sympathomimetic

- Drugs:

A

o Amphetamine

o Methamphetamine

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8
Q

Sympathomimetic

- Signs and symptoms

A 
o	Hypertension
o	Tachycardia
o	Dilated pupils
o	Hyperthermia
o	Seizures
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9
Q

Sedative and hypnotic - Drugs:

A

o Phenobarbital
o Diazepam (valium)
o Thiopental

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10
Q

Sedative and hypnotic -

- Signs and symptoms

A 
o	Drowsiness
o	Disinhibition 
o	Slurred speech
o	Confusion
o	Respiratory depression
o	CNS depression
o	Hypotension
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11
Q

Cholinergic

- Drugs

A 
o	Diazinon
o	Orthene
o	Parathion
o	Sarin
o	Tabun
o	VX
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12
Q

Cholinergic

- Signs and symptoms

A 
o	Increased salivation
o	Lacrimation
o	Gastrointestinal distress
o	Diarrhea
o	Respiratory depression
o	Apnea
o	Seizures
o	Coma
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13
Q

Anticholinergic

- Drugs

A

o Atropine
o Scopolamine
o Antihistamines
o Antipsychotics

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14
Q

Anticholinergic

- Signs and symptoms

A 
o	Dry
o	Flushed skin
o	Hyperthermia
o	Dilated pupils
o	Blurred vision
o	Tachycardia
o	Mild hallucinations
o	Dramatic delirium
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15
Q

Hydrocarbons

A
  • Typically inhalations of hydrocarbons are intentional and “recreational”
  • They provide a quick inexpensive high
  • Began in the early 1960s
  • Be very cautious when entering the patients environment after huffing
    Treatment
  • Remove from area
  • High flow o2
  • Transport
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16
Q

Toxic alcohols

A

ethylene glycol and methyl alcohol

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17
Q

ethylene glycol

A

antifreeze, coolant, de-icers, polishes and paints

o Lethal dose 2ml/kg

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18
Q

ethylene glycol 3 stages of toxicity

stage 1

A
  • CNS depression patient may appear intoxicated without the obvious odour of alcohol present
    • these symptoms progressed to include nausea vomiting seizures
    • stage one begins soon after ingestion and can last up to 12 hours
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19
Q

ethylene glycol 3 stages of toxicity

stage 2

A

cardio pulmonary symptoms begin to appear as the patient enters a second stage
• the patient may exhibit hypertension hypertension or tachycardia
• pulmonary injury may present as pulmonary edema, pneumonitis or acute respiratory distress syndrome
• stage two may develop between 12 and 24 hours

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20
Q

ethylene glycol 3 stages of toxicity

stage 3

A

flank pain, haematuria often characterized the third stage
• the kidneys are injured and acute renal failure may develop
• stage three may develop 24 to 72 hours after ingestion

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21
Q

methyl alcohol

Study These Flashcards
A

paints, paint removers, windshield washer fluid, varnishes, antifreezes and canned fuels
o little as 30ml can cause death
o Symptoms begin from 12 to 18 hours after ingestion
- Doses as little as 2 tablespoons may prove to be lethal

22
Q

toxic alcohols signs and symptoms

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A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Altered LOC
  • Heart dysrhythmias
  • Tachypnea
  • Many others
23
Q
  • Alcohol withdrawl seizures
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A

o Occur within about 12-48 hours after a persons last drink

o Typically short lived and self resolving

24
Q
  • Delirium tremens
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A

o Most serious and lethal complications of alcohol withdrawl
o Symptoms start typically around 48-72 hours after the last drink
o It happens when people stop cold turkey because the body cant adapt to the changes as fast as it is to stop drinking

25
Delirium tremens s/s
confusion, tremors, restlessness, hallucinations, hypotension (secondary to dehydration)
26
Organophosphates and carbamates
- Toxidrome: cholinergic - Include agents like sarin gas, pesticides and many household products - These agents prevent the breakdown of acetycholine. Thus over stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system - Decontamination is the first priority
27
Organophosphates and carbamates s/s
- Confusion - Restlessness - Tremors - Motor weakness - Seizures - watery
28
- DUMBELS
diaphoresis and diahrea, urination, miosis, bronchospasm bradycardia, emesis, lacrimation, salivation
29
cyanide
- typically used for ore extraction, fumigation of structures - was used in WWII and in US gas chambers - amyl nitrate is the antidote - very quick - smell of burnt almonds on patients breath - respirations rapid and laboured early and slow down - initially hypertension then hypotension
30
caustics
- strong acid ph below 2.0 - strong alkalide ph above 12.0 - common in industry, agriculture, and the home - ingestion may produce burns and difficulty swallowing - will present as severe burns - try and find the bottle of it look at it but don’t take it - is it on shirt, floor, did they spit it up
31
- barbiturate
resemble alcohol intoxication o tolerance builds quickly o at risk of life threatening withdrawal symptoms
32
- benzodiazepines
produce potent CNS depression and may interfere with a patient airway o at risk of life threatening withdrawal symptoms o commonly used to treat anxiety, seizures, and withdrawals
33
benzodiazepines overdose symptoms
CNS depression- LOC, confusion, slurred speech, hypotension, resp depression, bradycardia
34
narcotics
- common uses for narcotics include analgesia | - used for pain management, recreational drug
35
narcotics s/s
- CNS effects- uforia, hypotension, n/v, bradycardia, seizures, pin point pupils
36
- opiate | - opioid
- opiate= drugs derived from opium or the poppy | - opioid= derived from non-opium derived synthetics
37
Stimulants
- Can be taken orally, smoked or injected - Enhance the release of catecholamines which stimulate the CNS - Stimulates the body- excite the body- increased heart rate, body temp, resp rate - The most life-threatening presentation of stimulant abuse includes dysrhythmias, vascular events, hypertension, hyperthermia, seizures and agitation
38
- Cocaine s/s
o Causes widening of the QRS in an ECG and dysrhythmias o Hypotension o Tachycardia followed by bradycardia
39
Management of stimulant abuse
- Establish airway - Provide supplemental oxygen to maintain saturation levels greater than 94% - Establish vascular access - Apply ECG monitor, pulse ox and end title - Manage hypertension with fluid - Transport
40
Hallucinogens
- Include drugs like LSD, PCP, ketamine, shrooms and marijuana - Produce psychedelic effects
41
o Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
 Huge GI upset |  Seizures- short in nature
42
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) s/s
for tachycardia, mild hypertension and lethargy also nausea, vomiting and tremors dilated pupils agitation hypertension or hypertension
43
o Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
 More common  High high doses sympathomemic effects  Wide QRS  Cross the blood brain barrier easily
44
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) s/s
anticholinergic effects such as dilated pupils, dry mouth, dry skin, fever, confusion, tachycardia  Wide QRS
45
Cardiac medications | - Classified as:
o Antiarrhythmics o Beta blockers o Calcium channel blockers o Cardiac glycosides
46
Cardiac medications - Signs and symptoms
o Bradycardia o Hypotension o Weakness o Confusion
47
Treatment
- LOC ABC - Suction - IV o Fluid bolus if indicated o Stick with 250 and reassess - Poison center - Antidote if you have it - Notify hospital of it - Cardiac monitor - Many set of vitals - Rapid transport
48
- Habituation
psychological and or physical dependence on a drug
49
- Potenation
enhancement of the effect of one drug by another drug
50
- Synergism
the action of two substances in which the total effects are greater than the sum of the independent affects of the two substances ex 2 + 2= 5
51
- Ask the following in overdoses
``` o What is the agent o When was the poison ingested, injected, absorbed or inhaled o How much was taken o Has the pt vomited or aspirated o Why was the substance taken ```

EMER 198 (4 decks)

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