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Lindsay: French wine Scholar > Loire > Flashcards

Loire Flashcards

(98 cards)

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1
Q

What is tuffeau

A

A type of porous limestone found in the middle Loire

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2
Q

What are Fines Bulles

A

Fine or small bubbles; reference to sparkling wines of the Loire

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3
Q

What is Pétillant?

A

Translates as “fizzy”, or delicately sparkling wines

These wines are semi-sparkling

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4
Q

What is Pétillant Originel?

A

A sparkling wine from Montlouis-sur-Loire that has no additions such as sugar or yeast. It has one fermentation, ages on Lees for 9 months and has no dosage after disgorgement.

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5
Q

What is Mousseux?

A

“Frothy” or “bubbly”; a category of French sparkling wines

  • can be made with less demanding production standards, no min aging requirements
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6
Q

What is another name for flinty clays of Touraine and Centre Loire?

A

Argiles à silex
-or-
Perruches

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7
Q

What is the marl rich in oyster fossils in the Centre Loire called?

A

Terres Blanches

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8
Q

What are the clay/limestone soils of Touraine called?

A

Aubuis

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9
Q

What are caillottes and where are they found?

A

Small limestone pebbles of the Centre Loire

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10
Q

What is silex and where is it found?

A

Flinty clay soils of the Centre Loire

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11
Q

How long is the Loire?

A

620mi/1,000km

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12
Q

What was the Dutch influence on Loire wine?

A

Increased percentage of white varieties (Folle Blanche) so they could produce brandy (brandewijn)

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13
Q

In which Loire valley Château did Joan of Arc meet the Dauphin of France?

A

Chinon

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14
Q

What principal grape is used for dessert wines in the Loire?

A

Chenin Blanc

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15
Q

What 2 grape varieties are used for sweet wines in specific AOCs?

A

Malvoisie (Pinot Gris)
Romorantin

Must be overripe or boyrytized

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16
Q

Define Sec

A

Sec means “dry”
Wines contain less than 0.4%/4 grams per liter of residual sugar

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17
Q

Define demi-sec

A

Demi-sec means “medium dry”
Wines contain between 0.4%-1.2%/4-12 grams per liter of residual sugar

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18
Q

Define Moelleux

A

Moelleux means “medium sweet”
Wines contain between 1.2%-4.5% / 12-45 grams per liter of residual sugar

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19
Q

Define Doux

A

Doux means “sweet”
Wines contain more than 4.5% / 45 grams per liter of residual sugar

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20
Q

Fermentation is stopped by chilling to retain some sweetness in off-dry Rosé from which 2 AOCs?

A

Rosé d’Anjou
Cabernet d’Anjou

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21
Q

Rosé wines in Loire are made in what method?

A

Direct press and saignée

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22
Q

What are two synonyms for Melon de Bourgogne?

A

Melon
Muscadet

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23
Q

What grape is used to make semi-sweet wine in Coteaux d’Ancenis AOC?

A

Pinot Gris (aka Malvoisie)

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24
Q

What is a supplementary gris grape used in Fiefs Vendéens AOC?

A

Grolleau Gris

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25
What is the dominant grape used in off-dry Rosé d’Anjou?
Grolleau Noir
26
What kind of wine is produced in Saumur AOC?
Dry red Dry white Sparkling Rosé
27
What type of wines are produced in Savenniéres AOC?
Famous for dry white wines from 100% Chenin Blanc (Semi-sweet and sweet are permitted too) (Same with Savenniéres Roche Aux Moines AOC and Coulée de Serrant AOC)
28
What is the most important red wine AOC in Anjou-Saumur?
Saumur-Champigny AOC
29
What 2 AOCs of the middle Loire produce richer most complex red wines?
Anjou Brissac AOC Saumur-Champigny AOC
30
What are the sweet wine AOCs in Anjou-Saumur?
Anjou-Coteaux de la Loire AOC Coteaux de L’Aubance AOC Coteaux de Saumur AOC (All produce semi-sweet to sweet wines) *Savenniéres AOC also makes some sweet wine*
31
What are the 3 most important AOCs in Anjou-Saumur for rich, complex, semi-sweet, sweet, and dessert wines?
Coteaux du Layon AOC Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru AOC Bonnezeaux AOC
32
What style of wine is produced in Anjou AOC
Dry white Red Semi-sweet to sweet white Sparkling white and sparkling rosé (Covers entire subregion)
33
What style of wine is produced in Rosé d’Anjou AOC?
Off dry rosé From Grolleau Noir
34
What middle-Loire AOC has the largest Rosé production?
Cabernet d’Anjou
35
What style of wine is produced in Cabernet d’Anjou and what grapes are permitted?
Rosé wine with perceptible sweetness Grapes used: Cab Sauv and Cab Franc
36
What style of wine is produce in Anjou Village AOC and what grapes are permitted?
Red wine Grapes: Cab Sauv, Cab Franc
37
How many communes are permitted to produce Anjou Village red wine?
46 They are considered the best terroirs for red wine
38
What style of wine is produced in Rosé de Loire AOC?
Dry rosé (Covers all of Anjou-Saumur and Touraine)
39
What area does Crémant de Loire AOc cover and what style of wine is produced there?
Covers all of Anjou-Saumur and Touraine Produces sparkling wines in the traditional method
40
What is Savenniéres AOC famous for?
Dry wines made from 100% Chenin Blanc
41
What are the soil types in Savenniéres?
Slate Schist Volcanic rock Aeolian sands
42
What makes Anjou Brissac unique?
A forest shelters its vineyards from cool ocean breezes, so it’s warmer and drier than its neighbors
43
What style of wine is produced in Anjou Brissac and with what grapes?
Only dry red wine Lower yields than Anjou Village Cab Franc dominates, but Cab Sauv is permitted
44
What style of wines are produced in Saumur AOC?
Dry white: 100% Chenin Blanc Red: primarily Cab Franc, with Cab Sauv or Pineau d’Aunis Dry Rosé: blend of Cab Franc and Cab Sauv White & Rosé sparkling: biggest production for this AOC
45
Name the red wine producing DGC within the Saumur AOC
Puy-Notre-Dame (Using Cabernet Franc)
46
What grape varieties are permitted in Saumur-Champigny AOC and what are its soil types?
Cab Franc Cab Sauv Pineau d’Aunis Soil: tuffeau (gives elegance, soft tannins, and freshness)
47
What style of wine is produced in Anjou-Coteaux de la Loire AOC?
Semi-sweet to sweet wines from Chenin Blanc
48
What style of wine is produced in Coteaux de l’Aubance AOC?
Semi-sweet to sweet wines from Chenin Blanc *Selection de Grains Nobles* can be added to label if grapes affected by botrytis
49
What Anjou-Saumur AOC is the warmest due to forest protecting it from the Atlantic influence?
Coteaux de l’Aubance (On the north and south banks of the Aubance River - a tributary of the Loire)
50
What style of wine is produced in Coteaux du Layon AOC and how many DCGs does it have?
Semi-sweet to sweet wines from Chenin Blanc & Selection de Grains Nobles It has 6 DCGs
51
What style of wine is produced in Bonnezeaux AOC?
Sweet wine from Chenin Blanc
52
Explain Savenniéres Roche aux Moines AOC wine production
- Yields are lower than Savenniéres - Hand harvesting is mandatory with minimum two passes through the vineyard - No chaptalization is allowed - famous for dry whites from Chenin, but sweet is permitted when Botrytis develops
53
Explain wine production in the Coulée de Serrant AOC
- This is a monopole (single vineyard, or lieu-dit) of Nicolas Joly - farmed biodynamically - harvested by hand with minimum of two passes - focus on dry white, but sweet is also permitted
54
What AOC produces the sweetest wines in Anjou-Saumur?
Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru AOC (Sweet wine from Chenin Blanc) Grapes can be affected by Botrytis or concentrated by *passerillage*
55
What is *passerillage*?
Late harvesting - leaving the grapes on the vine longer in order to increase the sugars
56
Which Anjou-Saumur AOC produces the most rosé?
Cabernet d’Anjou AOC Also has the highest minimum sugar (1%)
57
What are the 3 sparkling wine AOCs of Anjou-Saumur?
Saumur AOC Anjou AOC Crémant de Loire AOC
58
What are the rules for Sparkling wine in Saumur AOC?
- can be white or rosé - must be made in traditional method - aged sur lie for at least 9 months - **Chenin is the primary grape for white, Cab Franc for rosé** (all other Saumur grapes are permitted)
59
What are the production rules for Crémant de Loire?
- white or rosé - must be traditional method - aged sur lie for at least 9 months - typically made using Chenin, Cab Franc, and/or Chardonnay - can be vintage or non-vintage - larges houses account for 80% of production
60
What is *Pét-Nat*?
*Pétillant Naturel* or *Méthode Ancestrale* are sparkling wines produced by the ancestral method.
61
What is the *Méthode Ancestral*?
Wines can be produced in two ways: 1. Partially fermented must is chilled and bottled to produce a lightly sparkling wine with perceptible sugar and sentiment from dead yeast 2. Partially fermented must is bottled with yeast and disgorged after 2-3 months of aging. This creates delicately sparkling wine with sweetness but **not sediment**
62
What rare grape is grown exclusively in Cour-Cheverny in Touraine?
Romorantin
63
What style of wine is produced in Touraine AOC?
Dry white Rosé Red white, rosé sparkling wine
64
Touraine AOC whites are usually made from what grapes?
Sauvignon Blanc
65
Explain Touraine AOC rosé production
Dry Must be a blend of 2 approved grapes No singled variety can be more than 70% of the blend
66
What are the two primary red grapes of Touraine AOC
West of Tours: Cab Franc East of Tours: Côt (Malbec)
67
Name the 9 DCGs of Muscadet Sévre et Maine
1. Château-Thébaud 2. Goulaine 3. Clisson 4. Gorges 5. Monnières-Saint-Fiacre 6. Mouzillon-Tillières 7. Le Pallet 8. La Haye-Fouassière 9. Vallet
68
What kind of wine is produced in Touraine Noble Joué AOC and how?
Only rosé wine Distinctive *vin gris* from a blend of Meunier, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Gris Made via direct press and is always dry Meunier can be given brief maceration
69
What grapes are allowed in Rosé de Loire AOC?
Grolleau Gris Grolleau Cab Franc Cab Sauv Gamay Pineau d’Aunis Pinot Noir
70
What style of wine is produced in Valençay AOC and with what grapes?
Dry white, rosé, and red wine Whites are mostly Sauvignon Blanc Red and Rosé blends are based on Gamay
71
What is Loire’s largest red wine producing AOC?
Chinon AOC
72
What style of wine is produced in Chinon AOC?
Famous for its reds (Cab Franc, with Cab Sauv permitted in the blend) Dry white (100% Chenin) and Rosé are also produced
73
What style of wine is produced in Bourgueil AOC?
Red and rosé wine Dominated by Cab Franc, with Cab Sauv permitted
74
What style of wine is produced in Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil AOC?
Red and rosé wine Dominated by Cab Franc, with Cab Sauv permitted
75
What style of wine is produced in Vouvray?
Only white wine: dry, semi-sweet, sweet, & sparkling Made from Chenin Blanc (small amounts of Orbois may be used)
76
What middle Loire AOC is the largest white wine producer by volume?
Vouvray AOC
77
60% of Vouvray’s wine production is what? And how is it made?
*Mousseux* and *Pétillant* Made by methode traditionnelle with a minimum of 12 months sur lie aging before release
78
What style of wine is produced in Montlouis-sur-Loire AOC?
Only white wine made from 100% Chenin Blanc Dry, semi-sweet, sweet, and sparkling
79
What style of wine is produced in Cheverny AOC?
Dry white, rosé, and red wines Grapes permitted: White: **Sauv Blanc**, Chard, Orbois, Chenin Rose/Gris: **Sauv Gris** Red: **Pinot Noir**, Côt, Gamay
80
What style of wine is produced in Cour-Cheverny AOC?
White wine from Romorantin. Mostly dry but sweet wines are made
81
What style of wine is produced in Orléans AOC?
Dry white, rosé, and red wine Reds and Rosés are primarily Meunier Whites are mostly Chardonnay with Pinot Gris as a permitted blending partner
82
What style of wine is produced in Orléans-Cléry AOC?
Only red wine from Cabernet Franc
83
What are the four sparkling AOCs of Touraine?
Touraine AOC Vouvray AOC Crémant de Loire AOC Montlouis-sur-Loire AOC
84
What grape is used in the Pouilly-sur-Loire AOC?
100% Chasselas
85
What grapes are used in the Menetou-Salon AOC?
Reds/Rosés: 100% Pinot Noir Whites: 100% Sauv Blanc
86
What are the reds and rosés of Sancerre made from?
100% Pinot Noir
87
Which two Centre-Loire AOCs are located near the Cher River?
Quincy Reuilly
88
Which Centre-Loire AOC is the highest in elevation?
Sancerre AOC
89
What style of wine is produced in Quincy AOC?
Dry whites from mainly Sauvignon Blanc (Sauvignon Gris can be a minor blending partner)
90
What style of wine is produced in Reuilly AOC?
Whites from 100% Sauvignon Blanc Reds from 100% Pinot Noir Rosés from Pinot Noir and/or Pinot Gris
91
What are the 4 AOCs of the Upper Loire?
Saint-Pourçain Côtes d’Auverge Côtes Roannaise Côtes du Forez
92
What is the most widely grown grape in the Loire?
Cabernet Franc
93
What is the smallest of the Muscadet AOCs?
Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire
94
Which grape variety will be permitted up to 10% of the blend in Muscadet AOC wines?
Chardonnay
95
What is the most important wine style in Saumur AOC?
Sparkling
96
The Arnon River flows through which Centre-Loire AOC?
Reuilly
97
What style of wine is produced in Gros Plant du Pays Nantais?
Dry white from Folle Blanche
98
What style of wine is produced in Coteaux d’Ancenis?
Semi-sweet white from Pinot Gris (aka Malvoisie) Red from Gamay (Cab Franc can be used)

Lindsay: French wine Scholar (14 decks)

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