London

Question 1

What was the population of Greater London in 2015?

What’s the population expected to reach by 2050?

Answer 1

8.6 million

11 million by 2050

Question 2

What land area does the city over?

What type of land is this?

Answer 2

1,750 km2

Lowland area as much of the city is built on the floodplains of the River Thames

Question 3

Why is it hard to characterise London’s buildings by architectural style?

Answer 3

Its’ rich history means there are a range of buildings

Question 4

What evidence is there of postmodernism in London?

Answer 4

Water Pumping Station, Isle of Dogs

Question 5

What percentage of the UK’s GDP does London make up?

Answer 5

17%

Question 6

Why is London receiving lots of foreign investment?

Answer 6

As it has an expanding financial centre, and a growing reputation as a technological hub
It has top rankings for multimedia and software development

Question 7

How much cargo does the Port of London handle each year?

Answer 7

More than 48 million tonnes

Shows it is an important exchange of goods

Question 8

How has London’s economy changed?

Answer 8

19th and early 20th century- manufacturing industries were dominant
Early 20th century onwards- service industries have become dominant

Question 9

Facts about the banks and financial institutions of London

Answer 9

Trade more US dollars than New York

Trade more Euros than all other European cities combined

Question 10

What percentage of global transactions does the London Stock Exchange account for?

Answer 10

32%

Question 11

How many are employed in the service sector in London?

What percentage of this is in the financial sector?

Answer 11

3.2 million people

42% financial

Question 12

How many does the manufacturing and construction industry employ?

Answer 12

0.5 million

Question 13

How much does tourism contribute to London’s economy each year?

Answer 13

£36 billion

Question 14

What is the average house price in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea?

Answer 14

£2 million (can be 10 times that)

Question 15

What’s the average salary in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea?
What’s the median salary?

Answer 15

Average- £123,000
Median- £32,700
Highlights one of the widest earning gaps in the country

Question 16

Which industry are 64% of low paid jobs in?

Who takes these jobs generally?

Answer 16

Hospitality

Foreign workers who don’t mind a lower wage

Question 17

What percentage of London employees are at risk of insecure employment?
Who is particularly at risk?

Answer 17

10%, many of these being on zero hours contracts

Mainly the younger workers of black ethnic minority backgrounds

Question 18

What percentage of workers are paid below the London Living Wage?
What does this mean for those workers?

Answer 18

20%

Unlikely to fund the high living costs of London- reduced standard of living- rely on the state

Question 19

What percentage of low-paid jobs are held by women?

Answer 19

55%

Question 20

Which ethnicity have the lowest paid jobs in London?

Answer 20

White British at 34% of the low paid

Pakistani and Bangladeshi employees only make us 6% of the low paid workforce

Question 21

How many were unemployed in 2016?

Answer 21

280,000

Lowest level since the start of the recession

Question 22

What percentage of London’s households live in the private rented sector?

Answer 22

27%

Question 23

What percentage of earnings were spent on rents in London in 2015/16?
What was this in the rest of England?

Answer 23

72%

29% for the rest of England

Question 24

Why is it difficult for first time buyers to buy in London?

Answer 24

Lack of affordable housing

Question 25

How many slept rough in 2016/17?

Answer 25

8,100 Shouldn't be happening in HIC city (Homeless are 13 times more likely to be a victim of violent crime)

Question 26

How many Royal Parks are there? | Example?

Answer 26

8 | Hyde Park

Question 27

Benefits of parks in London?

Answer 27

Reduce stress levels Meeting place Reduce air pollution Outside space for those without a garden

Question 28

London pupils outperform the rest of England across _______ as do pupils with __________ Why does London outperform?

Answer 28

Ethnic groups Special educational needs The schools have the provisions to helps all students

Question 29

What percentage of disadvantaged students from Inner London go on to attend HE institutions?

Answer 29

59%

Question 30

How many 11 year olds were obese in London in 2015/16? | The rest of England?

Answer 30

23% 20% Poor families can only afford cheap food

Question 31

Why is the income of many poor London families under threat in the future?

Answer 31

Welfare reforms mean their benefits could be significantly reduced

Question 32

More than ___ languages are spoken in London

Answer 32

300

Question 33

Why has London got a long history of immigration?

Answer 33

It has a port

Question 34

In 2015, what percentage of London's population were of black or ethnic minority? What's this meant to reach by 2038?

Answer 34

44% | 50%

Question 35

How do tourists perceive London?

Answer 35

Positively- see all the iconic sites i.e. Big Ben

Question 36

How do viewers of Made in Chelsea perceive London?

Answer 36

As a city of high disposable income, where the young have leisurely lives

Question 37

How do the immigrants moving to London perceive it?

Answer 37

A place of opportunity

Question 38

How do those living below the poverty line perceive it?

Answer 38

Expensive, bias towards the wealthy | Authorities are not doing enough to help their situation

Question 39

How do TNC's perceive London?

Answer 39

A good base for their company- highly respected with a highly skilled workforce

Question 40

When was the Clean Air Act introduced in London?

Answer 40

1956, to prevent the smog the city had experienced

Question 41

How have levels of carbon dioxide been reduced in transport?

Answer 41

Routemaster buses- hybrids Taxi age limits 1,400 charge points installed for e cars Low emission zones

Question 42

Which gas stills breaches EU limits?

Answer 42

Nitrogen oxide | Links to early deaths- 8.3% in Chelsea and Westminster

Question 43

What percentage of CO2 is from transport? Diesel cars? Gas for central heating?

Answer 43

64% 11% (carcinogenic and building erosion) 16% (cleaner than Mumbai's coal)

Question 44

What is the latest charge being introduced for London motorists?

Answer 44

T-Charge | £10 a day in Central London on old cars

Question 45

How many motorists could be liable to pay the T-Charge each month?

Answer 45

34,000

Question 46

What is it hoped the T-Charge will reduce?

Answer 46

Nitrogen oxide levels | In reality it will only be by 2%

Question 47

Why is the T-Charge worsening economic inequality?

Answer 47

The poorer workers can't afford a new car | Will now have to drive to the outskirts of the city and commute in

Question 48

How much warmer is the centre of London than the surrounding rural areas? What impacts does this have?

Answer 48

10oc Increases energy consumption and water consumption Dangerous for vulnerable people

Question 49

Cross Rail will increase London's rail capacity by ___%

Answer 49

10%

Question 50

How is it hoped Cross Rail will reduce fossil fuel usage?

Answer 50

People will use it over cars- less air pollution

Question 51

Boris bikes are hoped to increase cycling in London by ___% by 2025 Why is this scheme good? Problem?

Answer 51

400% Bikes are relatively cheap to install Anyone can use them- tourists and residents alike Worries about cyclist safety

Question 52

There are targets to increase green cover in London by ___% by 2030, as vegetation helps...

Answer 52

5% | Helps remove pollutants from the air

Question 53

Why are brownfield sites popular development locations?

Answer 53

Key infrastructure is already in place Reduces dereliction Provides homes in central areas where the demand is

Question 54

Example of a redevelopment project? | How is it trying to reduce pollution?

Answer 54

Battersea Power Station, £9 billion | Green roofs to reduce water and air pollution

Question 55

What does London's sewerage system collect apart from sewage?

Answer 55

Rainwater run-off from roads, roofs and pavements

Question 56

What happens to London's sewerage system during heavy periods of rain?

Answer 56

It discharges raw sewage directly into the Thames- killing large quantities of fish and threatens public health 55 million tonnes of raw sewage washed into the river in 2015

Question 57

Why do surface water sewers pollute rivers?

Answer 57

They pick up contaminants when draining the urban landscape

Question 58

What does Thames water state half of all sewer blockages are caused by?

Answer 58

Fat and cooking oil | These fat bergs result in flooding

Question 59

What impact has the Water Resources Act of 1991 had?

Answer 59

Improved water quality in estuaries and coastal waters Set up water protection zones Convicted individuals and companies of water pollution offences

Question 60

How big will the completed Thames Tideway Tunnel be?

Answer 60

25km long and up to 65m deep

Question 61

Aims of the Thames Tideway Tunnel?

Answer 61

Create more than 4,000 sustainable jobs Support the development of river transport skills through the Thames Skills Academy Undertake research on the aquatic ecology of the Thames Reduce lorry movements- less air pollution

Question 62

Which primary school has installed SuDS worth £18,000? | Why did they install a green roof?

Answer 62

Hollickwood Primary School | To increase the volume of rainwater being intercepted- reducing air pollution

Question 63

What are the results of the swales installed at Hollickwood PS? Which company is monitoring them?

Answer 63

Improved the water quality Filtered out the pollutants from air and water Thames Water

Question 64

How much of London is on a flood plain? | Name some of the infrastructure at risk

Answer 64

15% | 10 hospitals, 75 underground stations

Question 65

By how much are water levels in the Thames Estuary likely to rise in the next century due to thermal expansion and ice melt?

Answer 65

20-90cm

Question 66

How much of money earmarked for new flood defences in England will be spent on London?

Answer 66

£1.8 billion | 50% of England's budget

Question 67

Why are many of London's strategies considered sustainable?

Answer 67

They involve the local community They are constantly monitored and tweaked Focus on education

Question 68

There are proposals to make London the first...

Answer 68

National Park City