lower abdomen Flashcards
(32 cards)
names of flexures of large intestines
R - hepatic
L - splenic
what are the openings to the stomach and what’s it lined with
cardiac orifice - entrance from esophagus
pyloric sphincter - exit to duodenum
lined w/ rugae
what are plicae circularis
permaent folds w/in the sm intestines that become more and more diffused distally
what are the 4 parts of the duodenum and what vertebral levels are the first 2 at?
1st = superior ( no plique circularis) - L1 2nd = descending - L2, L3 3rd = inferior 4th = ascending
how can you distinguish jejunum from ileum?
jejunum has lots of plique circularis, is more proximal and has long narrow arcades (arterial loops in the mesentary) supplying it
ileum is more distal has less plique circularis, and has broad, flat arcades
what and where is Mackel’s diverticulum and what complications can it cause
it’s a finger-like pouch that’s the remnant of the embryonic yolk sac
it’s on the ileum ~ 1 m proximal to the ileocecal valve
it can become inflamed and mimic appendicitis
how is visceral abdominal pain different from parietal abdominal pain?
visceral pain is referred to other areas of the abdomen, and parietal pain corresponds to the actual area that’s in pain
where is the vermiform appendix found and how is it connected
it’s often found retrocecal opening into the cecum inferior to the ileocecal orifice
it’s connected to the cecum and ileum by a triangular peice of mesentary called the mesoappendix
how does pain present itself with appendicitis
vague pain starts in periumbilical region along dermatome T10
severe pain is in the lower R quadrant between the umbilicus and ASIS
what are the 3 special features of the colon
tenia coli - 3 smooth bands running down length of the colon
haustra coli - pouches produced by tenia coli
epiploic appendages - little fat globules handging from the colon
3 major unpaired aa off aorta are
celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric aa
celiac trunk supplies
liver gallbladder, esophagus, stomach, spleen and pancreas
3 branches of the celiac
splenic, common hepatic, left gastric
branches off superior mesenteric
15-17 small intestinal aa (arcades), ileocolic, middle colic, R colic
branches off inferior mesenteric
left colic, sigmoid (4), sup. rectal
function of marginal a of drummond
anastomose of colic aa that forms consistent vascular arc around colon
what aa supply the pancreas?
sup and inf pancreaticoduodenal supply the head of the pancreas and duodenum and the splenic supplies the rest
what are the sup and inf pancreaticoduodenal aa branches of?
sup is of the gastroduodenal which is off the common hepatic (of the celiac)
inf is off the sup mesenteric
where do aa supplying the adrenal glands branch off of?
renal a, inf phrenic, and aorta
path of the renal aa
branches off abdominal aorta lateral to SMA sends off branches to the adrenal glands and ureters and terminates in the hilum of the kidney
which are the gonadal aa
ovarian and testicular
what are the paths of the ovarian and testicular aa?
ovarian crosses over the ureter and iliac vessels and descends to the ovaries
testicular crosses over the ureter and eners the inguinal canal then descends into the scrotum to supply the testes
note the left gonadal a is usually sup to the R and sometimes branches off the L renal a
what are the spinal levels of bifurcation of the inf vena cava and abdominal aorta?
IVC - L5
aorta - L4
IVC returns blood from _____ to _____
back, abdominal wall, and abdominopelvic viscera
to the R atrium
