Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ANATOMY 2300 > Lower Body > Flashcards

Lower Body Flashcards

(111 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Pelvic Girdle

A

Sacrum attaches to Ossa Coxae via Sacroiliac joint.
Lower Extremity of sacrum is the Coccyx
Inner space is called the Pelvic Inlet
Two anterior foremen known as the obturator foremen
Ossa Coxae attached via pubic symphysis
Front of Os Coxa marked by anterior superior iliac spine (AsIS), anterior inferior iliac spine (AiIS) and Pubic Tubercule.
True Pelvis : Coccyx-Bottom of Pubic Symphysis to Top of Pubic Symphysis-Sacral Promontory
False Pelvis : Anterior attached to Abdominal wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sacrum (Anterior)

A

Promontory attached to most inferior lumbar spine.
Anterior Sacral Foramina
Coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sacrum (Posterior)

A

Median Sacral Crest
Auricular Surface lateral of Sacrum
Sacral Canal: Holds Spinal Cord
Sacral Hiatus
Sacral Comua: Coccyx attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Os Coxae (Lateral Anterior)

A

Ilium
Iliac crest
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine, Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
Acetabulum
Body of Pubis, Pubis
Inferior Ramus of pubis
Obturator Foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Os Coxae (Lateral Posterior)

A

Posterior Superior Iliac Spine
Posterior Inferior Iliac spine
Greater Sciatic notch (Greater Sciatic Foramina)
Ischial body
Ischial spine
Lesser Sciatic Foramina
Ischial tuberosity
Ischium
Ischial Ramus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Os Coxae (Medial)

A

Iliac Crest
Iliac Fossa
Arcuate line
Superior Ramus of pubis
Pubic tubercule
Pubis interior
Articuler surface of pubis
Inferior ramus of pubis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pelvic Foramen

A

Sciatic Foramen (greater and lesser): Split by sacrospinous ligament
Lesser Sciatic Foramen inferior border: Sacrotuberous ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Femur

A

Femoral head : Attach to Acetabulum, ball and socket joint
Neck
Greater Trochanter - Intertrochanteric crest - Lesser trochanter(Medial)
Gluteal Tuberosity (Posterior)
Shaft
Linea Aspera (Posterior)
Lateral supracondylar ridge
Adductor tubercule
Epicondyle (Lateral and medial)
Condole (Lateral and medial)
Popliteal Surface (posterior
Patellar Surface (anterior)
Intercondylar fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Patella

A

Base (Superior)
Apex (Inferior)
Lateral articular facet (dip, wider, smoother)
Medial articular facet (bump, narrow, rough)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tibia

A

Intercondylar eminence
Lateral and medial condyle (articular surfaces)
tibial tuberosity (Patellar tendon attachment)
Anterior crest
Medial Malleolus
Articular surface
Soleal line (Soleus Muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fibula

A

Head of Fibula (below tibial condyle not articulating with femur)
Lateral Malleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Foot

A

Dorsal
Talus: troches of talus articulates with tibia and fibula
Calcaneus
Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiforms (Medial, intermediate, and lateral)
Metatarsals
Phalanges (Proximal, Middle, Distal(except Hallux))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Joints

A

Sacroiliac: Sacrum and Coxal
Pubic symphysis: Pubic bones
Hip: coxal and femur
Knee: Synovial, modified hinge joint (Tibiofemoral, femoropatellar)
Ankle: tibia and fibula with talus
Toe: adjacent phalanges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Knee Joint

A

Synovial, Modified hinge joint : Glides and rotates
Strength: Quadricep femoris muscle
Tendon of quadriceps femoris attaches to patella and moves down to patellar ligament
TCL (medial) FCL (Lateral)
ACL: Lateral Condyle(femur) to anterior intercondylar space, prevent anterior translation of femur
PCL: Medial Condyle(femur) to posterior intercondylar area, prevent posterior translation of femur
Patellar retinacula: Vastus medial is, lateralis aponeuroses
Medial patellar retinaculum, lateral patella retinaculum
Meniscus: Shock absorbing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fascia Latae

A

Deep fascia that invests the thigh
IT band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gluteal Muscles

A

Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Tensor Fasciae Latae
Deep
Piriformis
Other deep lateral rotators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Origin: Posterior ilium, sacrum, and coccyx
Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract
Action: extend hip, lateral rotation of hip (thigh)
Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve
Stand and sit muscle
Stair muslce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Gluteus medius

A

Origin: outer surface and crest of ilium
Insertion: Greater trochanter
Action: Hip abduction (thigh)
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve
Pelvic stabilization
Single leg stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Gluteal minimus

A

Abduct hip (thigh)
Superior gluteal nerve
Pelvic stabilization
Single leg stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Tensor Fasciae Latae

A

Anterior iliac crest
IT
Flex hip (thigh)
Abduct hip (thigh)
Superior gluteal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Piriformis

A

passes through greater sciatic Foramen
Lateral rotation of the hip (thigh)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Anterior Hip

A

Psoas major
Iliacus
(Iliopsoas)
Flex hip joint
pass through inguinal ligament to become iliopsoas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Psoas Major

A

Lumbar vertebrae
Lesser trochanter (medial)
Flex hip (thigh)
Flex trunk
Lumbar spinal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Iliacus

A

Iliac fossa (spread)
Lesser trochanter (medial)
Flex hip (thigh)
Flex trunk
Femoral nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Thigh Muscles (Anterior Compartment)
Knee (leg) extensors : Except sartorius Femoral Nerve innervation Quadricep femoris group Rectus femoris Vastus medial is Vastus Lateralis Vastus intermedius
26
Sartorius
Anterior Iliac spine attachment medial surface of proximal tibial insertion Flex hip, flex knee Femoral Nerve innervation
27
Rectus Femoris
Anterior inferior iliac spine attachment Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament Flex hip Extend knee (leg) Femoral nerve innervation
28
Vastus lateralis
Lateral lip of linea aspera (femoral lip) Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament Extend knee (leg) Femoral nerve innervation
29
Vastus medial is
Medial lip of linea aspera Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament Extend Knee (leg) Femoral nerve innervation
30
Vastus intermedius
Anterior shaft of proximal femur attachment Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament Extend knee (leg) Femoral nerve innervation
31
Medial Thigh muscles
Adductor group Obturator nerve innervation Gracilis Pectineus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus
32
Gracilis
Pubic bone attachment Medial surface of proximal tibial insertion Adductor of hip (thigh) Flex knee (leg) Obturator nerve
33
Pectineus
Pubic bone attachment Posterior surface of proximal femur Adductor hip (thigh) Flex hip (thigh) Femoral nerve and obturator nerve innervation
34
Adductor longus
Pubic bone attachment Linea aspera of femur (posterior) Adductor of hip (thigh) Obturator nerve innervation
35
Adductor brevis
Pubic bone attachment Posterior surface of proximal femur insertion Adductor of hip (thigh) Obturator nerve
36
Adductor magnus
Adductor part and hamstring part separate insertion Pubic bone and ischium attachment Linea aspera of femur and adductor tubercule Obturator nerve innervation
37
Adductor Hiatus
Femoral vessel pass through from anterior thigh to posterior thigh and then popliteal fossa
38
Posterior Thigh Muscles
Hamstring muscles Tibial nerve innervation Bicep femoris: Long head Short head : innervated by common fibula nerve, doesn’t cross hip joint, no hip extension only knee flexion Semitendinosus Semimembranosus
39
Bicep femoris (long head)
Ischial tuberosity attachment Head of fibula insertion Extend hip (thigh) Flex knee (leg) Tibial nerve innervation
40
Bicep femoris (short head)
Linea aspera attachment Head of fibula insertion Flex knee (leg) ONLY Common fibula nerve innervation (NOT TIBIAL)
41
Semitendinosus
Ischial Tuberosity attachment Medial surface of proximal tibial Extend hip (thigh) Flex knee (leg) Tibial nerve innervation
42
Semimembranosus
Ischial tuberosity attachment Posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia insertion Extend hip (thigh) Flex knee (leg) Tibial nerve innervation
43
Pes Ansérine
Sartorius Gracilis Semitendinosus Insert on proximal tibia
44
Rules Leg muscle
Any tendon crossing ANTERIOR will at least DORSIFLEX foot Any tendon crossing POSTERIOR will at least PLANTARFLEX foot Any TIBIALIS (medial) muscle will at least INVERT food Any FIBULARIS (lateral) muscle will at least EVERT food
45
Leg Muscle
Anterior, lateral, posterior Separated by crural fascia
46
Crural Fascia
Deep fascia that invests in the leg
47
Anterior Compartment Leg Muscle
Dorsiflexors of the ankle (foot) and extensors of the toes Deep fibula nerve innervation Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus Fibularis tertius
48
Tibialis anterior
Anterior tibia and interosseous membrane attachment Medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1 insertion Dorsiflex foot Invert foot Deep fibular nerve innervation
49
Extensor hallucis longus
Anterior fibula and interosseous membrane attachment Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of hallux insertion Dorsiflex foot Extend hallux Deep fibular nerve innervation
50
Extensor digitorum longus
Anterior tibia, anterior fibular, and interosseous membrane attachment Dorsal surface of middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5 insertion Dorsiflex foot Extend digits 2-5 Deep fibular nerve
51
Fibularis tertius
Anterior fibula and interosseous membrane attachment Base of metatarsal 5 insertion Dorsiflex foot Evert foot Deep fibular nerve innervation
52
Lateral leg muscles
Plantar flexor the ankle (foot) and evert the foot Both innervated by the superficial fibular nerve Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis
53
Fibularis longus
Lateral fibula attachment Base of metatarsal 1 and medial cuneiform insertion Plantar flexion of foot Evert foot Superficial fibular nerve innervation
54
Fibular brevis
Lateral fibula attachment Base of metatarsal 5 Plantar flexion of foot Evert foot Superficial fibular nerve
55
Posterior leg muscles (superficial)
Plantar flexors of the ankle Innervated by tibial nerve Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris
56
Gastrocnemius muscle
Medial and lateral femoral condyles attachment Calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal tendon insertion Flex knee (leg) Plantar flex (foot) Tibial nerve innervation
57
Soleus Muscle
Soleal line of tibia and fibula Calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal tendon Plantar flexion of foot Tibial nerve
58
Plantaris
lateral supracondylar ridge of femur attachment Calcaneal tuberosity insertion Flex knee (leg) Plantar flexion of foot Tibial nerve innervation
59
Posterior leg muscle (deep)
Plantar flexors and flexors of toes Tibial nerve innervation Popliteus Tibialis posterior Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum longus
60
Popliteus
Lateral femoral condyle attachment Posterior tibia superficial to Soleal line Flexion of knee (leg) Medial rotation of tibia Tibial nerve innervation
61
Tibialis posterior muscle
Posterior tibia, posterior fibula, and interosseous membrane attachment Navicular, all cuneiforms, cuboid, metatarsal 2-4 insertion Plantar flex foot Invert foot Tibial nerve innervation
62
Flexor Hallucis longus
Posterior fibula and interosseous membrane attachment Base of the distal phalanx of hallux Plantar flex foot Flex hallux Tibial nerve innervation
63
Flexor digitorum longus
Posterior tibia attachment Base of distal phalanx of digits 2-5 insertion Plantar flex foot Flex digits 2-5 Tibial nerve innervation
64
Tarsal Tunnel
Tendon of Tibialis posterior Tendon of flexor digitorum longus Posterior tibial artery Tibial nerve Tendon of flexor hallucis longus Tom, Dick, And Nervous Harry
65
Muscles of the Dorsum of the Foot
Extensors of the toes Both innervated by the deep fibular nerve Extensor hallucis brevis Extensor digitorum brevis
66
Extensor hallucis brevis muscle
Superior surface of anterior calcaneus attachment Base of proximal phalanx of hallux Extensor of hallux Deep fibular nerve innervation
67
Extensor digitorum brevis muscle
Superior surface of anterior calcaneous attachment Extensor digitorum longus tendon of digits 2-4 insertion Extend digits 2-4 Deep fibular nerve innervation
68
Plantar surface foot muscle
Flexors and abductor of toes Four layers Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor digiti minimi
69
Abductor hallucis muscle
Calcaneous and plantar aponeurosis attachment Medial side of proximal phalanx of hallux insertion Abduct hallux Medial plantar nerve innervation
70
Flexor digitorum brevis muscle
Calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis attachment Side of middle phalanges digits 2-5 insertion Flex digits 2-5 Medial plantar nerve innervation
71
Abductor digiti minimi muscle
Calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis attachment Lateral side of proximal phalanx of digit 5 Abduction digits 5 Lateral plantar nerve innervation
72
Heart to Aorta
Left Ventricle Ascending aorta Aortic arch Descending thoracic aorta Descending abdominal aorta (split from thoracic via diaphragm)
73
Abdominal aorta branching
Descending abdominal aorta (split at L4 spine) Right common iliac artery Left common iliac artery External iliac - Internal iliac External iliac - Internal iliac
74
Internal Iliac artery
Obturator artery (Medial compartment of thigh) Superior gluteal artery (Gluteal region) Inferior gluteal artery (Gluteal region)
75
Superior gluteal artery and vein
Superior to Piriformis muscle (landmark muscle) Nerves travel with artery and vein Feeds into gluteus medialis and minimis
76
Inferior Gluteal artery and vein
Inferior to Piriformis muscle (Landmark) Feeds gluteus Maximus
77
External iliac artery gives off/continues to
Femoral artery Deep femoral artery Popliteal artery Anterior tibial artery Posterior tibial artery Fibular artery
78
External iliac artery pass through
Inguinal ligament to continue into femoral artery
79
Femoral artery pass through
The adductor hiatus to become popliteal *or Continues into deep femoral
80
Femoral artery
Comes from external iliac artery Anterior thigh, travels deep to sartorius through adductor hiatus
81
Deep femoral artery
Non terminal branch off femoral artery Branches of dorsilaterally from the femoral artery
82
Popliteal Artery
Femoral artery pass through adductor hiatus Behind knee to popliteal fossa Divide into anterior and posterior tibial arteries
83
Anterior tibial artery
Pass through interosseous membrane from popliteal to anterior side of tibia Travels with deep fibular nerve Pass the ankle to become dorsalis pedis artery (anterior/dorsal of foot)
84
Dorsalis Pedis artery
Anterior tibial becomes the dorsalis pedis at the ankle
85
Posterior tibial artery
Part of tarsal tunnel Splits into fibular artery
86
Fibular artery
Non terminal branch off posterior tibial artery
87
Posterior tibial artery movement
Bifurcates into lateral and medial plantar arteries
88
Anastomosis
Conjoining of multiple arteries into a system of arteries
89
Deep veins
Named the same as the corresponding arteries Reverse order of arteries (excepte common iliac veins join to become vena cava)
90
Superficial
Located within subcutaneous layer. Begin on the dorsum of the foot. Greater saphenous - femoral vein Lesser saphenous - popliteal vein
91
Great saphenous
Flows back from the ankle all the way to the external iliac
92
Lesser Saphenous
Flows back into popliteal vein to femoral vein
93
Drainage scheme
Dorsal venous arch G. Saphenous - femoral vein - external iliac common iliac- inferior vena cava L. Saphenous - popliteal vein - femoral vein - external iliac - common iliac - inferior vena cava Medial and lateral plantar vein - posterior tibial - popliteal - femoral - e. iliac - i. Iliac - i vena cava Dorsal venous arch - anterior tibial - popliteal - femoral - e. Iliac - i. Iliac - i vena cava Fibular - posterior tibial - same as above after popliteal
94
Ventral Rami
All except T1- T12 form plexuses - Cervical: C1 - C4 - Brachial: C5 - T1 - Lumbar: T12 - L4 -Sacral: L4 - S4 T1-T12 are intercostal nerves
95
Nerve plexus
Nerve plexus -> Peripheral nerve (Named Nerve) -> Target Lower limb plexuses : Lumbar (T12-L4), Sacral (L4-S4)
96
Lumbar Plexus
T12-L4 Emerge anteriorly Femoral: Anterior thigh Obturator: Medial thigh
97
Femoral Nerve
L2-L4 ventral rami Superficial of iliacus muscle Deep to inguinal ligament Into anterior thigh with femoral artery Anterior thigh, iliacus, half of Pectineus innervated
98
Obturator Nerve
L2-L4 Medial to psoas major Enter medial thigh through obturator Foramen Medial thigh muscle innervation
99
Sacral Plexus
Superior gluteal n. Inferior gluteal n. Common fibular n. Tibial n. Sciatic n.
100
Superior gluteal nerve
L4-S1 Exit pelvis through greater sciatic Foramen Superior to Piriformis muscle (between glute med and glute min) Innervated glute med, glute min, and tensor fasciae Latae muscles
101
Inferior gluteal nerve
L5-S2 Greater sciatic Foramen exit Inferior to Piriformis (deep to glute max) Only innervated glute max
102
Sciatic nerve
L4-S3 Great sciatic Foramen exit Posterior gluteal region inferior to Piriformis Tibial and common fib n. Bifurcation
103
Tibial nerve
L4-S3 Medial division of sciatic nerve Superficial within popliteal fossa Innervated posterior thigh (except bicep femoris short head) and all posterior leg muscle Runs with tarsal tunnel posterior to tibial malleolus Medial and lateral plantar n. Bifurcation
104
Medial/Lateral plantar nerves
Division off tibial n. Intrinsic muscle of plantar foot innervation Medial plantar: adductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis Lateral plantar: abductor digiti minimi
105
Common fibular nerve
L4-S2 Lateral division of sciatic nerve Wraps around the neck of fibula Superficial and deep fibular n. Bifurcation Innervated only the biceps femoris short head
106
Superficial fibular nerve
Lateral division of common fib n. Between Fibularis longus and brevis Continues to cutaneous innervation Innervates lateral leg muscle
107
Deep fibular nerve
Medial division of common fib Tibialis anterior and external hallucis longus Cutaneous innervation in the flip flop region Anterior leg and both muscle of dorsum foot innervation
108
damage to common fibers above fibula
Lateral and anterior affected Foot drop, can’t Dorsiflex and extend digits Can evert due to damage to deep and superficial Anesthesia on dorsum of foot
109
Femoral Triangle
Femoral artery pulse Medial to lateral (VAN) Adductor longus Sartorius Inguinal ligament
110
Adductor canal
Quadricep femoris and the medial femoral muscles Deep to sartorius Femoral artery Femoral vein Saphenous nerve
111
Popliteal fossa
Pulse difficult to palpate due to depth Deep to superficial - popliteal artery, vein, tibial nerve, common fibular nerve.

ANATOMY 2300 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions