Lower Body - Muscles, Joints, Embryology

Question 1

Name 3 parts of the innominate

Answer 1

Ilium, Ischium, Pubis

Question 2

What makes up the pelvis?

Answer 2

Two innominates and sacrum

Question 3

Name the 3 large muscles of the gluteal region

Answer 3

Gluteus maxius, medius & minimus

Question 4

What type of joint is the sacroiliac?

Answer 4

Synovial, cartilaginous

Question 5

At what time does the primary ossification of the pelvis occur?

Answer 5

2-6 months intrauterine

Question 6

What is the triradiate ossification?

Answer 6

The junction of the three bones of the innominate (pubis, ilium, ischium)

Question 7

Name the three joints of the pelvis

Answer 7

Sacroiliac Joints - synovial. Hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage present. Interosseous sacroiliac ligament very important in the strength of these joints.
Pubic Symphysis - Synostosis. Fibrocartilaginous joint.
Acetabular Joint - Synovial, ball and socket. Most important ligament is the iliofemoral ligament.

Question 8

Name all of the carpal in the distal row

Answer 8

hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium

Question 9

Name all of the carpal in the proximal row

Answer 9

scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform

Question 10

What type of joint is between metacarpal 1 and the trapezium?

Answer 10

Synovial, saddle

Question 11

Identify two actions of the forearm

Answer 11

Supination

Pronation

Question 12

What fibrous band sits on the anterior surface of the wrist?

Answer 12

Flexor retinaculum

Question 13

What fibrous band sits on the posterior surface of the wrist?

Answer 13

Extensor retinaculum

Question 14

What type of bone is the patella?

Answer 14

Sesamoid

Question 15

What attaches at the gluteal tuberosity?

Answer 15

Castus lateralis, gluteus maximus

Question 16

Name the 5 muscles of the adductor group

Answer 16

Pectineus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis

Question 17

What articulates distal to the tibia?

Answer 17

Talus

Question 18

At what time does the distal femoral epiphysis complete fusion?

Answer 18

14-18 females

16-20 males

Question 19

What muscle attaches to the adductor tubercle?

Answer 19

Adductor magnus

Question 20

Where does the quadraceps femoris insert?

Answer 20

Tibial tuberosity

Question 21

What type of joint is the knee joint?

Answer 21

Synovial, hinge. Femur, tibia and patella. NOT fibula.

Question 22

What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular?

Answer 22

synovial, plane

Question 23

Tibiofibular syndesmosis

Answer 23

Fibrous, stabilized by several strong ligaments.

Question 24

Pectineus muscle

Answer 24

Superior pubic ramus (pectineal line) to the pectineal line on the femur. Adducts leg, flexes thigh.

Question 25

Adductor longus

Answer 25

Pubic bone to the linea aspera. Adducts thigh.

Question 26

Adductor brevis

Answer 26

Pubic bone to the linea aspera. Adducts thigh.

Question 27

Adductor magnus

Answer 27

Inferior ramus of pubis and ischial tuberosity and the linea aspera and adductor tubercle. Adducts thigh.

Question 28

Gracilis

Answer 28

Pubis to the tibia. Adducts thigh, flexes the leg, rotates medially.

Question 29

What are the 3 muscles of the hamstrings?

Answer 29

Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosis

Question 30

Biceps femoris

Answer 30

Ischial tuberosity, linea aspera, and lateral condyle and fibular head. Lateral rotation.

Question 31

Semitendinosus

Answer 31

Ischial tuberosity to tibia

Question 32

Semimembranosus

Answer 32

Ischial tuberosity to posterior medial condyle

Question 33

Quadraceps femoris

Answer 33

Made of 4 muscles: Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and vastus medialis. Extends leg

Question 34

Satorius

Answer 34

flexor of leg and thigh

Question 35

Soleus and gastrocnemius

Answer 35

Combine to form the Achilles tendon and join the calcaneus.

Question 36

Tibialis posterior

Answer 36

Soleal line, fibula and on to the tuberosity of the navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms and MT 2-4

Question 37

Psoas major

Answer 37

Transverse process of lumbar vertebrae and lesser trochanter

Question 38

Iliacus

Answer 38

Iliac fossa and lesser trochanter. Flexion of the thigh, works in conjunction with psoas major.

Question 39

Piriformis

Answer 39

Ventral surface of sacrum to the greater trochanter. Lateral rotator, hip stabilizer, abduct the thigh.

Question 40

Iliofemoral ligament

Answer 40

Stabilizes the joint capsule

Question 41

Ligamentum teres

Answer 41

Head of femur to acetabulum

Question 42

Gluteus maximus

Answer 42

Posterior gluteal line to gluteal tuberosity. Extensor and lateral rotator of the hip.

Question 43

Gluteus medius

Answer 43

Between anterior and posterior gluteal lines and greater trochanter. Abduct, medial rotate of the hip.

Question 44

Gluteus minimus

Answer 44

Above the inferior gluteal line and the greater trochanter. Abduct, medial rotate of hip.

Question 45

The lower limb bud appears when?

Answer 45

~28 days

Question 46

When does pelvic condensation and chondrification occur?

Answer 46

Condensation 34-36 days | Chondrification 6-7 weeks intrauterine

Question 47

When does triradiate cartilage ossification occur?

Answer 47

9-14yrs

Question 48

When does the pelvis complete ossification?

Answer 48

23-27yrs

Question 49

When does ossification of the anterior inferior iliac spine occur?

Answer 49

10-20yrs

Question 50

When does ossification of the iliac crest occur?

Answer 50

10-20yrs

Question 51

When does ossification of the ischial tuberosity and ramal epiphysis occur?

Answer 51

13-23yrs

Question 52

When does femoral chondrification occur?

Answer 52

~41-52 days