Muscles & Joints - Upper Body

Question 1

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 1

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis

Question 2

Supraspinatus

Answer 2

Greater tubercle of the humerus and corresponding fossa on the scapula.

Question 3

Infraspinatus

Answer 3

Greater tubercle of the humerus and corresponding fossa on the scapula.

Question 4

Teres minor

Answer 4

Greater tubercle of the humerus and axillary border of scapula.

Question 5

Subscapularis

Answer 5

Lesser tubercle of the humerus and corresponding fossa on the scapula.

Question 6

Deltoideus

Answer 6

Deltoid tuberosity to the clavicle and scapula.

Question 7

Biceps brachii

Answer 7

Bicipital groove and attaches at the supraglenoid tubercle, coracoid process and radial tuberosity.

Question 8

Pronator teres

Answer 8

Pronator teres muscle attachment to the medial epicondyle.

Question 9

Supinator

Answer 9

Supinator crest to the lateral epicondyle.

Question 10

Flexor retinaculum

Answer 10

A fibrous band on the palmar side of the hand near the wrist. It arches over the carpal bones, covering them and forming the carpal tunnel.

Question 11

Extensor retinaculum

Answer 11

Dorsal surface of the hand. Also holds together carpal tunnel.

Question 12

Which three nerves are in the hand?

Answer 12

Median
Ulnar
Radial

Question 13

Median nerve

Answer 13

Once it passes through the carpal tunnel, it divides into two branches - recurrent and palmar digital nerves. The palmar digital nerves give sensory innervation to the palmar skin and dorsal nail beds.

Question 14

Ulnar nerve

Answer 14

Superficial to the flexor retinaculum on palmar surface.

Question 15

Radial nerve

Answer 15

Superficial to the extensor retinaculum on the doral surface.

Question 16

What are the three tendons of the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 16

Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus

Question 17

What are the features of a continuous joint?

Answer 17

• bone to bone attachments
• no joint capsule
• no synovial fluid

Question 18

Syndesmosis

Answer 18

A fibrous joint in which connective tissue is present to join the two bones.
Ex - the connection between the radius and ulna via the interosseus membrane.

Question 19

Synchrondosis

Answer 19

A cartilaginous joint in which a layer of hyaline cartilage is involved in the connection.
Temporary joint as will disappear with adult bone.
Ex - the fusion of the epiphysis to the diaphysis

Question 20

What joint is temporary and will disappear with adult bone?

Answer 20

Synchrondosis

Question 21

What are the features of discontinuous joints?

Answer 21

• movable
• two bony surfaces with hyaline cartilaginous covering on the surfaces
• linked by ligaments
• lined by synovial membrane

Question 22

Plane joint

Answer 22

Articular surfaces are very flat and bones slide on top of each other.
Ex - sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints

Question 23

Hinge joint

Answer 23

Hinge on door appearance. Extension and flexion are possible.
Ex - elbow (ulna and humerus)
- phalanges

Question 24

Pivot joint

Answer 24

Only rotation is possible

Ex - superior radius and ulna

Question 25

Ellipsoid joint

Answer 25

Elliptical convex surface that fits into an elliptical concave surface - no rotation Ex - wrist joint

Question 26

Saddle joint

Answer 26

All movements possible | Ex - thumb

Question 27

Ball and socket

Answer 27

Ex - shoulder and hip joints

Question 28

What are the shoulder joints?

Answer 28

Acromioclavicular - synovial, plane | Glenohumeral - synovial, ball & socket

Question 29

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 29

Synovial, plane

Question 30

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 30

Synovial, ball & socket

Question 31

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

Answer 31

Synovial, hinge | humero-radial and humero-ulnar

Question 32

What type of joint is the proximal radio-ulnar joint?

Answer 32

Synovial, pivot

Question 33

What type of joint is the midcarpal joint?

Answer 33

Synovial, plane, ellipsoid

Question 34

What type of joint is the thumb joint?

Answer 34

Synovial, saddle

Question 35

What type of joint are the carpometacarpal joints (excluding the thumb)?

Answer 35

Synovial, plane

Question 36

What type of joint are the metacarpalphalangeal joints?

Answer 36

Ellipsoid

Question 37

What type of joint are the interphalangeal joints?

Answer 37

Hinge

Question 38

The capitate lies lateral to which bone?

Answer 38

Hamate

Question 39

Which tendon(s) makes up the medial border of the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 39

Extensor pollicis longus

Question 40

Which tendon(s) make up the lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 40

Extensor pollicis brevis | Abductor pollicis longus

Question 41

Which bone(s) articulate distal to the hamate?

Answer 41

The 4th & 5th metacarpals

Question 42

Name the type of joint between the shaft of the radius and ulna

Answer 42

Syndesmosis via the interosseus membrane

Question 43

The limb bud appears at what time?

Answer 43

As early as 26 days intrauterine

Question 44

How many bones are there in the hand?

Answer 44

27 total 8 carpals 5 metacarpals 14 phalanges

Question 45

Are there the same number of bones in the foot as in the hand?

Answer 45

No, the foot has one less tarsal.

Question 46

What are the 3 major nerves of the hand?

Answer 46

Medial, radial and ulnar

Question 47

Which bones articulate with the radius distally?

Answer 47

Scaphoid and lunate

Question 48

Which bones does the capitate articulate with distally and proximally?

Answer 48

Distally - 3rd metacarpal | Proximally - scaphoid and lunate