lower extremities Flashcards
(27 cards)
describe hip joint and its motions
-ball and socket synovial joint
labrum on acetabulum
cartilage on femoral head
6 motions
-flexion/extension
-abduction/adduction
-medial/lateral rotation
hip joint ligaments
- iliofemoral ligament (Y ligament)
- anterior
-ilium > femur
- limits extension and lateral rotation
- ONE OF STRONGEST IN BODY - pubofemoral ligament (Z ligament)
-inferior side of hip joint
-pubis > femur
- limits extension and lateral rotation
-INJURY PRONE - ischiofemoral ligament
-posterior surface
-ischium > femur
- limits medial rotation
does the fibula articulate with the femur?
no
bones of the knee
distal femur, proximal tibia, fibula present but does not articulate with femur
what kind of joint is the patella?
sesmoid joint, free floating
what makes up the ankle?
-made up of distal tibia and fibula
-tarsal bones of the foot
-mulitple joints
talocrural joint
-allows for DORSIFELXION and PLANTAR FLEXION around talocrural axis
-between tibia/fibula and talus
SAGITTAL PLANE
subtalar joint
-allows eversion and inversion around subtalar axis
-between talus and calcaneus
FRONT PLANE
interphalangeal joint
great toe only
joints of the distal foot
MTP, PIP, DIP
and IP joint on big toe
fascia over the thigh
-attach to linea aspera of femur
-three compartment (seperated by intermuscular septa)
-thicker area= ILLIOTIBIAL BAND
-saphenous opening
fascia over the leg
-two intermuscular septa attach to fibula
-fascia divides leg into 3 compartments
*posterior split into deep and superficial
function of IT band
supports the knee during hip extension
retinacula
-distal thickening of crural fascia
-keeps tendons in place
-3 main retinacula
1=extensor retinacula
2= fibular retinacula
3=flexor retinacula
arteries of the legs
common iliac artery to
external iliac artery to
femoral artery to
popliteal artery; this artery branches into
tibial artery and fibular/peroneal artery
nerve supply of ANTERIOR LEG
splitting of lumbar plexus (from spinal nerves L1-L4) split and divide into THESE PERIPHERAL NERVE ROOTS
-iliohypogastric and ilioguinal L1
-genitofemoral L1-2
-lateral cutaneous L2-3
-obturator L2-4
-femoral L2-4
role of femoral nerve
-runs down anterior thigh
-innervates anterior compartment of the thigh and iliacus
-provides sensory innervation for anteiror medial thigh and leg
role of obturator nerve
-innervates medial compartment of the thigh
-provides sensory innervation for medial thigh
nerve supply of posterior leg
sacral plexus branches posteriorly from spinal nerve roots VENTRAL RAMI L4-S4
*all exit through greater sciatic foramen
branches
-superior gluteal nerve L4-S1 *only nerve exiting superiorly
-inferior gluteal nerve L5-S2
-sciatic nerve L4-S3
-pudendal nerve S2-S4
role of sciatic nerve
-made up of tibial and common fibular nerves (branches of it)
-innervates posterior compartment of thigh and all compartments of leg and foot
-innervates most of leg and skin of foot
veins of legs
*LISTED INFERIOR TO SUPERIOR
ANTERIOR PATHWAY
dorsal venous arch of foot > great saphenous vein > femoral vein via saphenous opening
POSTERIOR PATHWAY
small saphenous vein > through fascia to popliteal vein > popliteal vein turns into femoral vein
deep veins of lower leg vs superficial veins
*deep veins have more valves
DEEP VEINS
-iliac vein
-femoral vein
-popliteal vein
-tibial vein
SUPERFICIAL VEINS
-greater and lesser saphenous veins
perforating veins
-connect superficial and deep veins
-valves allow blood to flow only from superficial to deep for return to the heart
musculovenous pump
-muscle contracting assists in propelling of blood
-valves prevent reflux
-COLLAPSE=varicose veins which increases volume of blood in superficial veins
