perineum

Question 1

what is urogential triangle associated with?

Answer 1

external genitalia and urethra

Question 2

what is in the anal triangle?

Answer 2

anal canal

Question 3

perineal fascia of the urogenital triangle

Answer 3

-superficial fascia*campers fascia
-deep membranous layer names colles fascia
-perineal membrane

Question 4

colles fascia

Answer 4

-fascia in UG triangle
-continuous with scarpa fascia in females
-continues with dartos fascia in males

Question 5

what does perineal membrane seperate?

Answer 5

seperates superficial and deep perineal pouches

Question 6

perineal membrane function and relative locations

Answer 6

-attachment site for erectile tissue and muscles of the UG triangle

-urethral opening present anteriorly
-vaginal opening central
-perineal body posterior attachment within UG triangle

Question 7

site for episiotomy

Answer 7

perineal membrane

Question 8

superficial skeletal muscle layer of UG triangle

Answer 8

-ischiocavernosus
-bulbospongiosus
-superficial transverse perineal

Question 9

deep pouch skeletal muscles of UG triangle

Answer 9

-urogenital diaphragm
*deep transverse perineal
-external urethral sphincter

Question 10

aspects of male urethra

Answer 10

prostatic urethra > membranous urethra > penile urethra

Question 11

innervation of urogenital triangle

Answer 11

sacral plexus
-bypasses piriformis

pudendal nerve branches off to innervate UG triangle

Question 12

pudendal nerve branches

Answer 12

-dorsal nerve of penis or clitoris
-perineal nerves
-inferior rectal nerves

Question 13

alocks canal (or pudendal canal)

Answer 13

contains:
internal pudendal artery
internal pudendal veins
pudendal artery

*site of nerve block

Question 14

what is the perineum bounded by?

Answer 14

inferior pelvic aperature

Question 15

where does the anal canal begin and where does it end?

Answer 15

begins-anorectal flexure
ends-anus

Question 16

function of ischioanal fossa

Answer 16

allows fossa to communicate posteriorly

*horseshoe shaped recess

Question 17

landmarks of the anal canal

Answer 17

anal columns, anal valves, pectinate line

Question 18

arterial supply superior to the pectinate line

Answer 18

inferior messenteric artery > superior rectal artery

internal iliac artery > middle rectal arteries

*this is dervied from hindgut (endoderm)

Question 19

arterial supply inferior to the pectinate line

Answer 19

*derived from ectoderm

internal pudendal artery > inferior rectal arteries

Question 20

venous system and sensitivity superior to pectinate line

Answer 20

superior rectal vein > internal mesenteric vein > portal system

*sensitive to stretch and ischemia but NOT pain temp touch

Question 21

venous system and sensitivity inferior to pectinate line

Answer 21

inferior rectal vein > internal pudendal vein > caval system

*somatic innervation- sensitive to pain temp touch

Question 22

lymph drainage above vs below pectinate line

Answer 22

above-lymph drains to internal iliac nodes
below-lymph drains to superficial inguinal nodes

Question 23

portal-caval anastomosis
-portal system aspect
-caval system aspect

Answer 23

portal system- superior rectal vein drains to inferior mesenteric vein
caval system- inferior rectal vein drains to internal pudendal vein

Question 24

function of portal-caval anastomosis

Answer 24

provides an alternative pathway in the event of a blockage

*if portal hypertension occurs can result in rectal varices aka HEMMORRHOIDS

Question 25

internal anal sphincter (type of muscle and innervation)

Answer 25

smooth muscle symp- contract parasymp- relax

Question 26

external anal sphincter (type of muscle and innervation)

Answer 26

skeletal muscle somatic innervation-contract *inferior anal nerve from pudendal

Question 27

sexual function parasympathetic supply *function and nerve

Answer 27

-helps achieve erection -pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 28

sexual function sympathetic supply *function and nerve

Answer 28

-helps achieve emission and contraction of internal urethral sphincter -lumbar splanchnic nerves

Question 29

somatic innervation of external URETHRAL sphincter

Answer 29

contracts external urethral sphincter

Question 30

male and female galnds of UG triangle

Answer 30

*both secrete liquid for sexual function/ pre ejaculation female- greater vestibular (bartholins) glands male- bulbourethral (cowper's) glands

Question 31

what is the pudendal artery a branch of?

Answer 31

internal iliac artery

Question 32

branches of internal pudendal artery

Answer 32

deep artery of penis or clitoris dorsal artery of penis or clitoris perineal arteries inferior rectal artery *part of anal triangle not UG triangle

Question 33

venous system of external/erectile tissues

Answer 33

superficial dorsal vein -drains skin and prepuce deep dorsal vein -drains glans