thigh and knee

Question 1

how do the femur and tibia articulate?

Answer 1

-medial femoral condyle articulates with medial tibial condyle
-lateral femoral condyle articulates with lateral tibial condyle

Question 2

what does the the patella articulate with?

Answer 2

femur

Question 3

how does the meniscus add stability to the knee?

Answer 3

the meniscus adds more depth in the tibia for the femur to sit in

Question 4

what tendons/ligaments are superior and inferior to the patella?

Answer 4

quadriceps tendon is superior and patellar tendon/ligament is inferior

Question 5

4 ligaments that support the knee

Answer 5

anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

lateral and medial collateral ligaments

*meniscus supports the joint

Question 6

how do ligaments of the knee resist motion?

Answer 6

by stretching

Question 7

attachment sites of the knee ligaments

Answer 7

ACL/PCL
-acl= anterior tibia/posterior femur
-pcl=posterior tibia/anterior femur

MCL/LCL
-mcl=femur/tibia
-lcl=femur/fibula

Question 8

muscles in anterior compartment of upper leg

Answer 8

-iliopsoas
-sartorius
-quadriceps (4 muscles)

Question 9

muscles in medial compartment of upper leg

*peanut butter leaves me greasy

Answer 9

-pectineus
-adductor brevis
-adductor longus
-adductor magnus
-gracilis

Question 10

muscles in posterior compartment of upper leg

Answer 10

hamstrings

Question 11

origin, action, insertion, and innervation of iliopsoas

Answer 11

*this is combo of psoas major and iliacus so it has spinal nerve and femoral nerve innervation

origin
psoas- lumbar vertebra L1-L5
iliacus- iliac fossa

action
trunk- flexion and stabilization
hip- flexion and lateral rotation

insertion
-lesser trochanter of the femur

innervation
psoas- L1-L4 (mainly L2/3)
iliacus- femoral nerve

Question 12

origin, insertion, innervation, action of quadriceps *note this is 4 muscles

*slide 12 KM ppt

Answer 12

origin
1-rectus femoris= AIIS
2-vastus medialis= linea aspera (medial hip)
3-vastus lateralis= linea aspera (lateral hip)
4-vastus intermedius= anterolateral shaft of the femur

insertion
-tibial tuberosity
innervation
-femoral nerve L2-L4

action
-hip=rectus femoris only; hip flexion
-knee= knee extension

Question 13

what quad muscle flexes hip? THIS IS THE ONLY ONE THAT DOES THIS OF THE QUADS

Answer 13

rectus femoris *crosses hip

Question 14

origin, insertion, innervation, action of sartorius

Answer 14

origin- ASIS
insertion- pes anserine *on prox tibia
innervation- femoral nerve
action
- hip=flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation
-knee= flexion

*FIGURE FOUR MUSCLE
*MOST SUPERFICIAL

Question 15

pectineus

Answer 15

origin-superior pubic ramus
action- hip=weak flexion and adduction
insertion- pectineal line of posterior femur
innervation- obturator and femoral nerve (L2-4)

Question 16

adductor brevis

Answer 16

origin- inferior pubic ramus

action-hip= adduction and medial rotation

insertion
-medial linea aspera
-pectineal line

innervation- obturator nerve L2-4

Question 17

adductor longus

Answer 17

origin-pubic tubercle
insertion-medial lip linea aspera
nerve-obturator
action- hip adduction and medial rotation

Question 18

adductor magnus

Answer 18

*TWO PARTS= adductor part and hamstring part

origin
adductor-inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus
hamstring-ischial tuberosity

insertion
adductor-medial lip linea aspera
hamstring-adductor tubercle

nerve
adductor-obturator nerve
hamstring-tibial nerve (off sciatic nerve)

action
adductor-adduct and medially rotate hip
hamstring-hip extension

Question 19

gracilis

Answer 19

origin= inferior pubic ramus
insertion= pes anserine (prox tibia)
nerve=obturator nerve
action:
hip= adduction and medial rotation
knee=flexion

Question 20

what does a muscle have to do in order to act on the hip?

Answer 20

cross the hip

Question 21

biceps femoris *two heads

Answer 21

origin
-long head=ischial tuberosity
-short head=linea aspera lateral hip

insertion= head of fibula

innervation *both branches of sciatic
-long head=tibial nerve
-short head=common fibular nerve

action
-hip=long head does extension and lateral rotation
-knee=entire muscle FLEXES knee

Question 22

semitendinosus

Answer 22

origin=ischial tuberosity

insertion=pes anserine (prox tibia)

innervation= tibial nerve *branch of sciatic

action
-hip=extension and medial rotation
-knee= flexion

Question 23

semimebranosus

Answer 23

origin=ischial tuberosity

insertion=posterior medial tibial condyle

innervation= tibial nerve

action
hip= extension and medial rotation
knee=flexion

Question 24

rotational influence on tibia when KNEE IS FLEXED

Answer 24

knee lateral rotation
-biceps femoris (whole muscle)

knee medial rotation
-sartorius
-gracilis
-semitendinsous
-semimembranosus

Question 25

sensory part of anterior femoral nerve

Answer 25

continues distal to knee as saphenous nerve; sensory only

Question 26

branches from posterior division of femoral nerve

Answer 26

1=nerve to rectus femoris (M) 2=nerve to vastus lateralis (M) 3=nerves to vastus intermedius (M) 4=nerves to vastus medialis (M) 5=saphenous nerve (sensory)

Question 27

femoral nerve branches from trunk

Answer 27

1=nerve to iliacus 2=nerve to pectineus

Question 28

femoral nerve branches from anterior division

Answer 28

1=nerve to sartorius (motor) 2= medial cutaneous nerve (sensory) 3= intermediate cutaneous nerve (sensory)

Question 29

sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

Answer 29

-branches off lumbosacral plexus branches into -tibial nerve *motor to hamstrings and distal leg -common fibular nerve *motor to distal leg passes through greater sciatic foramen

Question 30

borders of the femoral triangle

Answer 30

superior-inguinal ligament lateral-sartorius medial- adductor longus

Question 31

what does the femoral triangle contain? NAVL

Answer 31

Nerve Artery *site of femoral pulse Vein Lymphatics= containing femoral canal *femoral canal contains: -fat, lymph, deep inguinal lymph nodes, loose connective tissue -proximal opening is femoral ring

Question 32

arteries of the thigh

Answer 32

aorta> R and L common iliac artery > external and internal iliac artery external iliac > femoral artery>profunda femoris > medial and lateral circumflex artery internal iliac > obturator artery *in 20% of pop arises from inferior epigastric

Question 33

superior branch off femoral artery

Answer 33

profunda femoris artery (also called deep femoral artery) this artery branches into medial and lateral circumflex arteries medial-supplies head/neck femur lateral-supplies some muscles of lateral thigh

Question 34

anterior and posterior thigh venous system

Answer 34

anterior: great saphenous vein > femoral vein posterior: small saphenous vein > popliteal vein > femoral vein *femoral vein deep and saphenous is superficial

Question 35

bursa of the knee

Answer 35

1. suprapatellar bursa= between distal femur and quadriceps 2. prepatellar bursa= anterior to patella 3. anserine bursa= at pes anserine

Question 36

patellar ligament reflex

Answer 36

-tests integrity of femoral nerve and l2-l4 spinal nerves -reflex occurs as signal does not go to the brain