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Clinical Anatomy I & II > Lower Extremity Muscles > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Muscles Flashcards

Identify proximal and distal attachment sites, actions, and nerve innervation

1
Q

Iliopsoas (L1-L4)

Anterior Compartment of thigh

A 
Iliacus (L2-L4)
PA: Iliac fossa, iliac crest, sacral ala & sacroiliac ligaments
DA: Lesser trochanter of femur
A: hip flexion & stabilization
Femoral N. Innervation

Psoas major (L1-L4)PA:
PA: Anterior transverse processes, vertebral bodies & discs T12-L5
PA: Lesser trochanter of femur
A: hip flexion and stabilization
Ventral Rami L1-L4 Innervation (Lumbar plexus)

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2
Q 
Rectus Femoris (L2-L4)
(Anterior Compartment of thigh)
A

PA: AIIS - anterior inferior iliac spine & groove superior to the acetabulum
DA: Base of the patella
A: Hip flexion, Knee extension
Femoral N. Innervation

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3
Q

Sartorius (L2-L3)

Anterior Compartment of thigh

A

PA: ASIS - anterior superior iliac spine
DA: Medial aspect of the proximal tibia
A: Hip flexion, abduction, & lateral rotation; Knee flexion & assists medial rotation of knee
Femoral N. Innervation

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4
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata (L4, L5-S1)

Anterior Compartment of thigh

A

PA: ASIS - anterior superior iliac spine & external lip of iliac crest
DA: Iliotibial tract
A: Hip abduction, flexion, & medial rotation, assists in maintain knee extension (due to attachment to ITB)
Superior Gluteal N. Innervation

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5
Q 
Vastus Intermedius (L2-L4)
(Anterior Compartment of thigh)
A

PA: Anterior aspect of the proximal 2/3 of the femoral shaft
DA: Lateral border of the patella
A: Knee extension
Femoral N. Innervation

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6
Q 
Vastus Lateralis (L2-L4)
(Anterior Compartment of thigh)
A

PA: Intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter of femur, gluteal tuberosity & linea aspera
DA: Base of the lateral border of the patella
A: Knee extension
Femoral N. Innervation

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7
Q 
Vastus Medialis (L2-L4)
(Anterior Compartment of thigh)
A

PA: Intertrochanteric line, spiral line, linea aspera & medial supracondylar line
DA: Base & medial border of the patella
A: Knee extension
Femoral N. Innervation

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8
Q 
Adductor Brevis (L2-L4)
(Medial Compartment of thigh)
A

PA: Inferior pubic ramus
DA: Distal 2/3 pectineal line and medial lip of linea aspera
A: Hip flexion & adduction
Obturator N. Innervation

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9
Q 
Adductor Longus (L2-L4)
(Medial Compartment of thigh)
A

PA: Pubic crest
DA: Medial lip of linea aspera
A: Hip flexion, adduction, & medial rotation
Obturator N. Innervation

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10
Q 
Adductor Magnus (L2-L4 adductor part) (L4, L5, S1 hamstring part)
(Medial Compartment of thigh)
A

PA: Inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus, & tuberosity
DA: Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera (adductor part), medial supracondylar ridge & adductor tubercle of the femur (hamstring part)
A: Hip adduction & flexion (adductor part), Hip extension (hamstring part)
Obturator N. Innervation (adductor part)
Tibial division of Sciatic N. (hamstring part)

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11
Q

Gracilis (L2-L4)

Medial Compartment of thigh

A

PA: Body of pubic & inferior pubic ramus
DA: Medial surface of the tibia, distal to the condyle, proximal to the insertion of the semitendinosus, & lateral to the insertion of the sartorius
A: Hip flexion & adduction, medial rotation of the knee
Obturator N. Innervation

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12
Q

Pectineus (L2-L4)

Medial Compartment of thigh

A

PA: Superior pubic ramus
DA: Femur between lesser trochanter & linea aspera (pectineal line)
A: Hip flexion & adduction
Obturator N. & Femoral N. Innervation

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13
Q 
Obturator Externus (L3-L4)*****
(Medial Compartment of thigh)
A

PA: Rami of the pubis and ischium; external surface obturator membrane
DA: Trochanteric fossa
A: Hip lateral rotation
Obturator N. Innervation

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14
Q 
Superior Gemellus (L5, S1-S2)
(Gluteal muscle)
A

PA: External surface spine of ischium via obturator internus tendon
DA: Greater trochanter
A: Hip lateral rotation
Sacral Plexus Innervation

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15
Q 
Inferior Gemellus (L4-L5, S1)
(Gluteal muscle)
A

PA: Proximal ischial tuberosity via obturator internus tendon
DA: Greater trochanter
A: Hip lateral rotation
Sacral Plexus Innervation

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16
Q 
Gluteus Maximum (L5, S1-S2)
(Gluteal muscle)
A

PA: Aponeurosis of erector spinae, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament & posterior gluteal line (innominate)
DA: Greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity of the femur & iliotibial tract
A: Hip extension & lateral rotation
Inferior Gluteal N. Innervation

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17
Q 
Gluteus Medius (L4-L5,S1)
(Gluteus muscle)
A

PA: External iliac surface
DA: Oblique ridge on the lateral aspect of the greater trochanter; gluteal aponeurosis
A: Hip abduction & medial rotation; Keeps pelvis level when opposite leg raised –> Trendelenburg Gait if weak
Superior Gluteal N. Innervation

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18
Q 
Gluteus Minimum (L4-L5, S1)
(Gluteus muscle)
A

PA: External iliac surface & margin of the greater sciatic notch
DA: Anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter
A: Hip abduction & medial rotation; Keeps pelvis level when opposite leg raised–> Trendelenburg Gait if weak
Superior Gluteal N. Innervation

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19
Q 
Obturator Internus (L5, S1-S2)
(Gluteal muscle)
A

PA: Anterolateral wall of the pelvis & obturator membrane
DA: Medial surface of the greater trochanter
A: Hip lateral rotation
Nerve to the Obturator Internus Innervation (from the sacral plexus)

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20
Q

Piriformis (S1-S2)

Gluteal muscle

A

PA: Anterolateral sacrum & posterior inferior iliac spine
DA: Superior border of the greater trochanter
A: Hip abduction & lateral rotation
Nerve to Piriformis Innervation

21
Q 
Quadratus Femoris (L4-L5, S1)
(Gluteal muscle)
A

PA: Ischial tuberosity
DA: Quadrate tubercle of the femur
A: Hip lateral rotation
Nerve to the quadratus femoris Innervation (from sacral plexus)

22
Q 
Bicep Femoris (L5, S1-S3 Long head) (L5, S1-S2 Short head)
(Posterior Compartment of thigh)
A

PA: Ischial tuberosity & sacrotuberous ligament (long head); Lateral lip of linea aspera & lateral supracondylar line (short head)
DA: Lateral side of the fibular head
A: Hip extension (long head only); Knee flexion & knee lateral rotation (both heads)
Tibial division of Sciatic N. Innervation (long head); Fibular division of Sciatic N. (short head)

23
Q

Semimembranosus (L4-5, S1-S2)

Posterior Compartment of thigh

A

PA: Ischial tuberosity
DA: Posterior aspect of the medial tibial condyle
A: Hip extension; Knee flexion & medial rotation of knee
Tibial division of Sciatic N. Innervation

24
Q

Semitendinosus (L4-L5, S1-S2)

Posterior Compartment of thigh

A

PA: Ischial tuberosity
DA: Proximal medial tibia
A: Hip extension; Knee flexion & medial rotation of the knee
Tibial division of Sciatic N. Innervation

25
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus (L4-L5, S1)

Anterior Crural (Leg) Compartment

A

PA: Lateral tibial condyle, proximal 3/4 of the fibula, & the crural interosseous. membrane
DA: Dorsal digital expansions of toes 2-5
A: Ankle dorsiflexion & Toe extension digits 2-5 (IP & MP)
Deep Fibular N. Innervation

26
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus (L4-L5, S1)

Anterior Crural Leg Compartment

A

PA: Middle 1/2 of fibular surface & crural interosseous membrane
DA: Distal phalangeal base of 1st great toe
A: Ankle dorsiflexion & Great toe extension (IP & MP)
Deep Fibular N. Innervation

27
Q

Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius (L4-L5, S1)

Anterior Crural Compartment

A

PA: Distal fibula & crural interosseous membrane
DA: Base of the 5th metatarsal
A: Ankle dorsiflexion & foot eversion
Superficial Fibular N. Innervation

28
Q 
Tibialis Anterior (L4-L5, S1)
(Anterior Crural Compartment)
A

PA: Lateral condyle and proximal 2/3 of the tibia’s lateral surface & crural interosseous membrane
DA: Medial cuneiform & adjacent 1st metatarsal
A: Ankle dorsiflexion & foot inversion
Deep Fibular N. Innervation

29
Q

Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus (L4-5, S1)

Lateral Crural Compartment

A

PA: Head & proximal 2/3 of the fibula
DA: Lateral aspects of the 1st metatarsal & adjacent medial cuneiform
A: Ankle plantarflexion, foot eversion, & 1st metatarsal head depression
Superficial fibular N. Innervation

30
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) Brevis (L4-L5, S1)

Lateral Crural Compartment

A

PA: Distal 2/3 of the fibula
DA: Lateral base of the 5th metatarsal
A: Ankle plantarflexion & foot eversion
Superficial Fibular N. Innervation

31
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus (L5, S1-S2)

Posterior Crural Compartment

A

PA: Posterior tibia distal to the soleal line
DA: Plantar surface of the distal phalangeal bases
A: Ankle plantarflexion, flexes digits 2-5 (IP & MP)
Tibial N. Innervation

32
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus (L5, S1-S2)

Posterior Crural Compartment

A

PA: Distal 2/3 of the posterior fibular surface & the crural interosseous membrane
DA: Plantar aspect of the distal phalangeal base of the 1st toe
A: Ankle plantarflexion & Great toe flexion (IP & MP)
Tibial N. Innervation

33
Q

Gastrocnemius (S1-S2)

Posterior Crural Compartment

A

PA: Posterior aspect of the femoral condyles and joint capsule
DA: Posterior calcaneal surface
A: Knee flexion & ankle plantarflexion
Tibial N. Innervation

34
Q

Plantaris (L4-5, S1)

Posterior Crural Compartment

A

PA: Lateral supracondyle line
DA: Posterior calcaneal surface
A: Knee flexion & ankle plantarflexion
Tibial N. Innervation

35
Q

Popliteus (L4-L5, S1)

Posterior Crural Compartment

A

PA: Lateral femoral condyle and oblique popliteal ligament
DA: Soleal line of the tibia
A: In non-weight bearing, medial rotation of the tibia & knee flexion; In WB, insertion if fixed so does lateral rotation of the femur & knee flexion from extension into early flexion
Tibial N. Innervation

36
Q

Soleus (L5, S1-S2)

Posterior Crural Compartment

A

PA: Posterior aspect of the fibula head & proximal 1/4 of the fibula & tibial soleal line
DA: Posterior calcaneal surface
A: Ankle plantarflexion
Tibial N. Innervation

37
Q 
Tibialis Posterior (L4-L5, S1)
(Posterior Crural Compartment)
A

PA: Crural interosseous membrane, lateral tibial surface & medial fibular surface
DA: Navicular, intermediate cuneiform & base of metatarsals 2-4
A: Ankle plantarflexion & foot inversion
Tibial N. Innervation

38
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi (S1-S2)

1st level of plantar feet muscles

A

PA: Calcaneal tuberosity
DA: Lateral side of proximal phalangeal base of 5th digit
A: 5th digit abduction & flexion
Lateral Plantar N. Innervation

39
Q 
Abductor Hallucis (L4-L5, S1)
(1st level of plantar feet muscles)
A

PA: Medial calcaneal tuberosity
DA: Medial side of the proximal phalangeal base of the great toe
A: Great toe flexion & abduction
Medial Plantar N. Innervation

40
Q 
Adductor Hallucis (S1-S2)
(3rd level of plantar feet muscles)
A

PA: Metatarsals 2-4 bases (oblique head) & distal ends of metatarsals 3-5 (transverse head)
DA: Lateral base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe
A: Great toe adduction
Lateral plantar N. Innervation

41
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis (L4-L5, S1)

Dorsal foot muscle

A

PA: Anterolateral calcaneus
DA: Dorsal aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx or the lateral side of tendons of extensor digitorum longus
A: Digits 2-5 extension, 1st digit extension
Deep fibular N. Innervation

42
Q

Extensor Hallucis Brevis (L4-L5, S1)

Dorsal Foot muscle

A

PA: Extensor hallucis brevis
DA: Dorsal aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux
A: Great toe extension at metatarsophalangeal joint
Deep fibular N. Innervation

43
Q 
Quadratus plantae (S1-S2)
(2nd level of plantar feet muscles)
A

PA: Medial surface of the calcaneus & lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity
DA: Long flexor tendons
A: Assists flexor digitorum longus
Lateral Plantar N. Innervation

44
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis (L4-L5, S1)

1st level of plantar feet muscles

A

PA: Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity
DA: Sides of intermediate phalanges of digits 2-5
A: Toe flexion (proximal IP)
Medial Plantar N. Innervation

45
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi (S1-S2)

3rd level of plantar feet muscles

A

PA: 5th metatarsal base
DA: proximal phalangeal base
A: 5th digit flexion (MP)
Lateral Plantar N. Innervation

46
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis (L4-L5, S1)

3rd level of plantar feet muscles

A

PA: Cuboid & tendon of tibialis posterior
DA: Base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe
A: Great toe flexion (MP)
Medial Plantar N. Innervation

47
Q 
Dorsal Interossei (S1-S2)
(4th level of plantar feet muscles)
A

PA: Metatarsal shafts
DA: proximal phalangeal bases & dorsal digital expansions of digits 2-4
A: Digit 2-4 abduction & flexion (MP)
Lateral Plantar N. Innervation

48
Q 
Plantar Interossei (S1-S2)
(4th level of plantar feet muscles)
A

PA: Plantar surface of the base of metatarsals
DA: Dorsal digital expansions of digits 3-5
A: Digits 3-5 adduction & flexion (MP)
Lateral Plantar N. Innervation

49
Q

Lumbricals(1: L4-L5, S1; 2-4: S1-S2)

2nd level of plantar feet muscles

A

PA: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
DA: Medial sides of dorsal expansions of digits 2-5
A: Proximal phalanges flexion (MP) & extends IP joints
1st Lumbrical = Medial Plantar N. Innervation
2nd-4th Lumbricals = Lateral Plantar N. Innervation

Clinical Anatomy I & II (15 decks)

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