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Clinical Anatomy I & II > UE Axilla, Arm, Forearm, Hand Muscles > Flashcards

UE Axilla, Arm, Forearm, Hand Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Axilla boundaries

A

Apex: 1st rib, clavicle

Base: skin of armpit

Anterior: pectoralis minor

Posterior: scapula, subscapularis muscle

Medial: thoracic wall, serratus anterior

Lateral: Humerus

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2
Q

Axilla contents

A

Axillary artery, Axillary vein, Axillary lymph nodes, 3 cords of brachial plexus

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3
Q

Anterior compartment of the ARM

A

Actions: Shoulder & elbow flexion

Musculocutaneous Nerve innervation

Brachial Artery

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4
Q

Posterior compartment of the ARM

A

Actions: Shoulder & elbow extension

Radial Nerve innervation

Profunda Brachii Artery

Anconeus also in this compartment

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5
Q

Anconeus

A

Arm muscle

Prox attachment: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Distal attachment: Lateral surface of the olecranon process

Actions: Elbow extension

Radial Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments: C7-C8

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6
Q

Biceps brachii (2 heads)

A

Arm muscle

Prox attachment:

  • Short head- coracoid process
  • Long head- supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Distal attachment: Radial tuberosity and deep antebrachial fascia (through bicipital aponeurosis)

Actions: Elbow and shoulder flexion, forearm supination

Musculocutaneous Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments: C5-C6

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7
Q

Brachialis

A

Arm muscle

Prox attachment: Distal anterior shaft of humerus & lateral and medial intermuscular septa

Distal attachment: Coronoid process & ulnar tuberosity

Actions: Elbow flexion

Musculocutaneous Nerve Innervation + Small Branch of Radial Nerve

Spinal Segments: C5-C6

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8
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Arm muscle

Prox attachment: Coracoid process

Distal attachment: Proximal medial shaft of humerus

Actions: Shoulder flexion and adduction

Musculocutaneous Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments: C6-C7

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9
Q

Triceps brachii (3 heads)

A

Arm muscle

Prox attachment:

  • Long head- Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
  • Lateral head- proximal posterolateral shaft of humerus
  • Medial head- distal posteromedial shaft of the humerus

Distal attachment: Olecranon process of the ulna

Actions: Elbow & shoulder extension

Radial Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments: C6-T1

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10
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A

Forearm muscle

PA: proximal posterior radius, ulna, & interosseous membrane

DA: base of the 1st metacarpal & trapezium

A: abducts & extends the thumb at carpometacarpal joint & abducts hand at wrist (radial deviation)

Radial Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments C6-C8

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11
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Forearm muscle

PA: lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus

DA: distal radius lateral to the styloid process

A: elbow flexion, helps with supination

Radial Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments C5-C6

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12
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Forearm muscle

PA: lateral epicondyle of the humerus (common extensor origin)

DA: base of 3rd metacarpal

A: extends & abducts hand at wrist (radial deviation)

Radial Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments C6-C8

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13
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Forearm muscle

PA: lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus

DA: base of the 2nd metacarpal

A: extends & abducts hand at wrist (radial deviation) and assists in elbow flexion

Radial Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments C6-C8

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14
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Forearm muscle

PA: lateral epicondyle of the humerus (common extensor origin)

DA: base of 5th metacarpal

A: extends & adducts hand at wrist (ulnar deviation)

Radial Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments C6-C8

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15
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

Forearm muscle

PA: lateral epicondyle of the humerus (common extensor origin)

DA: extensor expansions of digits 2-5

A: extends phalanges (primarily at metacarpophalangeal, secondarily at interphalangeal) & hand at wrist

Radial Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments C6-C8

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16
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

A

Forearm muscle

PA: lateral epicondyle of the humerus (common extensor origin)

DA: digital expansion of the 5th digit

A: extends 5th digit (metacarpophalangeal & interphalangeal)

Radial Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments C7-C8

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17
Q

Extensor indicis

A

Forearm muscle

PA: posterior surface of the ulna & interosseous membrane

DA: digital expansion of the 2nd digit

A: extends 2nd digit (metacarpophalangeal & interphalangeal)

Radial Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments C7-C8

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18
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A

Forearm muscle

PA: middle 1/3 of the posterior surface of the ulna & interosseous membrane

DA: base of the 1st distal phalanx

A: extends thumb (CMC & metacarpophalangeal & interphalangeal)

Radial Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments C6-C8

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19
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Forearm muscle

PA: medial epicondyle (common flexor origin)

DA:palmar aspect of the base of the 2nd metacarpal

A: flexes & abducts hand at wrist (radial deviation) & may assist in pronation of the forearm & flexion of the elbow

Median Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments C6-C8

20
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Forearm muscle

PA: medial epicondyle (common flexor origin) of humerus & proximal ulnar shaft

DA: pisiform

A: flexes & adducts hand at wrist (ulnar deviation)

Ulnar Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments C7-T1

21
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

Forearm muscle

PA: anterior proximal 2/3 of the ulna & interosseous membrane

DA: base of the distal phalanges of digits 2-5

A: flexion of digits 2-5 (metacarpophalangeal & distal interphalangeal & proximal interphalangeal), & flexion of hand at wrist

Median (2nd & 3rd digits) & Ulnar (4th & 5th digits) Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments C7-T1

22
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Forearm muscle

PA: medial epicondyle (common flexor origin) of the humerus

DA: sides of the middle phalanges of digits 2-5

A: flexion of digits (metacarpophalangeal & proximal interphalangeal) & hand at wrist

Median Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments C7-T1

23
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Forearm muscle

PA: anterior surface of the radius & interosseous membrane

DA: base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

A: flexes thumb (metacarpophalangeal & interphalangeal)

Median Nerve Innervation (anterior interosseous nerve)

Spinal Segments C7-T1

24
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Forearm muscle

PA: medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor origin)

DA: palmar aponeurosis

A: flexes hand at wrist & tenses palmar fascia

Median Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments C7-C8

25
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

Forearm muscle

PA: anterior surface of the distal ulna

DA: anterior surface of the distal radius

A: pronates the forearm

Median Nerve Innervation (anterior interosseous nerve)

Spinal Segments C8-T1

26
Q

Pronator teres

A

Forearm muscle

PA: medial epicondyle & ulnar coronoid process

DA: lateral aspect of the radius

A: pronates & flexes the forearm

Median Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments C7-C7

27
Q

Supinator

A

Forearm muscle

PA: lateral epicondyle of the humerus, radial collateral ligament, & supinator crest of the ulna

DA: lateral surface of the proximal radius

A:supinates forearm

Radial Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments C5-C6

28
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A

Hand muscle

PA: pisiform

DA: ulnar side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit

A: abducts 5th digit (pinky)

Deep branch of Ulnar Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments C8-T1

29
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis

A

Hand muscle

PA: transverse carpal ligament

DA: radial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

A: abducts thumb

Recurrent branch of Median Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments C6-T1

30
Q

Adductor pollicis

A

Hand muscle

PA: capitate & 2nd/3rd metacarpals (oblique head) & palmar aspect of the 3rd metacarpal (transverse head)

DA: base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

A: adducts thumb

Deep branch of Ulnar Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments C8-T1

31
Q

Dorsal interossei

A

Hand muscle

PA: adjacent sides of the metacarpals

DA: proximal phalangeal bases & dorsal digital expansions of digits 2-4

A: abducts (metacarpophalangeal), flexes (metacarpophalangeal) & extends (interphalangeal) digits 2-4

Deep Branch of Ulnar Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments C8-T1

32
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

Hand muscle

PA: hamate

DA: ulnar side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit

A: flexes (metacarpophalangeal) 5th digit

Deep branch of Ulnar Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments C8-T1

33
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis

A

Hand muscle

PA: transverse carpal ligament & trapezium

DA: radial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb; deep head blends with opponens pollicis

A: flexes (metacarpophalangeal) thumb

Recurrent branch of the Median Nerve (superficial head) & deep branch of Ulnar Nerve (deep head) Innervation

Spinal Segments: superficial head C6-T1; deep head C8-T1

34
Q

Lumbricals

A

Hand muscle

PA: tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus

DA: radial side of dorsal digital expansions of digits 2-5

A: flexes metacarpophalangeal & extends interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5

Deep branch of Ulnar Nerve (3rd & 4th lumbricals C8-T1) and Median Nerve Innervation (1st & 2nd lumbricals C7-8-T1)

Spinal Segments C7-T1

35
Q

Opponens digiti minimi

A

Hand muscle

PA: hook of the hamate

DA: ulnar margin of shaft of 5th metacarpal

A: opposition of 5th digit to thumb

Deep branch of Ulnar Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments C8-T1

36
Q

Opponens pollicis

A

Hand muscle

PA: transverse carpal ligament & trapezium

DA: palmar surface of 1st metacarpal

A: opposition of thumb to 5th digit

Recurrent Median Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments C6-T1

37
Q

Palmar interossei

A

Hand muscle

PA: palmar aspects of metacarpals 2, 4, & 5

DA: dorsal digital expansions of digits 2, 4, 5

A: adducts& flexes metacarpophalangeals, extends interphalangeal digits 2, 4, 5.

Deep branch of Ulnar Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments C8-T1

38
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Forearm muscle

PA: posterior radial surface & interosseous membrane

DA: base of the 1st proximal phalanx

A: extends thumb (metacarpophalangeal) & extends and abducts CMC joint

Radial Nerve Innervation

Spinal Segments C6-C8

39
Q

Forearm Posterior Compartment

A

Elbow & hand extension, supination

Radial Nerve Innervation

Radial artery (posterior interosseous)

40
Q

Cubital Fossa boundaries

A

from lateral to medial epicondyles

brachioradialis

pronator teres

The bicipital aponeurosis covers and protects the brachial artery and median nerve passing through here.

41
Q

Forearm Anterior Compartment

A

Elbow & hand flexion, pronation

Median Nerve Innervation

Ulnar artery (anterior interosseous)

42
Q

Anterior compartment of forearm superficial layer muscles

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
(all median nerve)

Flexor carpi ulnaris
(ulnar nerve)

43
Q

Anterior compartment of forearm intermediate layer muscles

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

median nerve

44
Q

Anterior compartment of forearm deep layer muscles

A

Flexor digitorum profundus (deep)
(medial/ulnar split innervation: digits 2-3 radius, digits 4-5 ulna)

Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus
(anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve)
45
Q

Posterior compartment of forearm superficial layer

A 
6 muscles:
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris

extension movement

46
Q

Posterior compartment of forearm deep layer

A 
supinator
extensor indicis (index finger)

3 outcropping thumb muscles
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus (wraps around dorsal tubercle of radius and changes direction to thumb)

Clinical Anatomy I & II (15 decks)

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