Lower Extremity: The Knee, Ankle, and Foot

Question 1

What kind of joint is the knee?

Answer 1

Hinge

Question 2

What is the shape of the lateral meniscus of the tibia?

Answer 2

Incomplete circle

Question 3

What is the shape of the medial meniscus of the tibia?

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is the name of the circular rims of fibrocartilage on the articular surfaces of the tibial head?

Answer 4

Menisci

Question 5

The two femur condyles articulate with the _____ _______.

Answer 5

tibial plateaus

Question 6

The intercondyloid eminance of the tibia enters the ________ _______ of the femur.

Answer 6

intercondyloid fossa

Question 7

The menisci act as _______-________.

Answer 7

shock-absorbers

Question 8

The (lateral/medial) meniscus is more movable and less frequently injured.

Answer 8

lateral

Question 9

The largest sesamoid bone in the body is the _______.

Answer 9

Patella

Question 10

The depth of the patella serves as a pulley to increase the angle of pull of the __________ muscles

Answer 10

quadriceps

Question 11

As the patella tracks downward over the femur during knee flexion, it will tilt _________ and slightly ________.

Answer 11

inferiorly, medially

Question 12

List the 8 ligaments of the knee.

Answer 12

Patellar, medial collateral, lateral collateral, oblique popliteal, ACL, PCL, transverse, iliotibial tract.

Question 13

Movements of the knee (4):

Answer 13

flexion, extension, inward rotation, outward rotation

Question 14

Rotation of the knee can only occur when the knee is flexed/extended.

Answer 14

Flexed

Question 15

When the leg has been flexed at the knee, the ________ ligaments become slack, allowing rotation.

Answer 15

Collateral

Question 16

Anterior muscles of the knee joint:

Answer 16

Quads (rectur femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis)

Question 17

Posterior muscles of the knee joint:

Answer 17

Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semimenbranosus, semitendinosus), sartorius, gracilis, popliteus, gastrocnemius

Question 18

5 main flexors + 2 helpers of the knee:

Answer 18

Hamstrings (3), sartorius, gracilis, popliteus, gastrocnemius

Question 19

Four extensors of the knee:

Answer 19

Quads

Question 20

One outward rotator of the tibia:

Answer 20

Biceps femoris

Question 21

3 Inward rotators + 2 helpers of the tibia:

Answer 21

Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, popliteus, gracilis, sartorius

Question 22

What are the two functions of the foot?

Answer 22

Support and propulsion

Question 23

How many tarsal bones are there?

Answer 23

7

Question 24

What kind of joint is the ankle?

Answer 24

Hinge

Question 25

List the 5 medial ligaments:

Answer 25

deltoid (calcaneotibial, anterior talotibial, tibionavicular, posterior talotibial), plantar calcaneonavicular

Question 26

The deltoid ligaments connect the medial malleolus of the tibia to the _______ ______ bones.

Answer 26

posterior tarsal

Question 27

The medial/lateral ligaments are stronger.

Answer 27

medial

Question 28

List the 3 lateral collateral ligaments:

Answer 28

anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, posterior talofibular

Question 29

The lateral collateral ligaments connect the lateral malleolus of the tibia to the _______ _______ _______ and the _________ and ________ ______.

Answer 29

upper lateral calcaneus, anterior/posterior talus

Question 30

The plantar calcaneonavicular ligament connects the _________ bone and the _____________ ____ projection on the medial aspect of the calcaneus.

Answer 30

navicular, sustentaculum tali

Question 31

Muscles that dorsiflex the ankle:

Answer 31

tibialis anterior, peroneus tertius, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus

Question 32

Muscles that plantar flex the ankle:

Answer 32

Gastrocnemius, soleus, peroneus longus, tibialis posterior, peroneus brevis, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

Question 33

Muscles that dorsiflex the tarsals

Answer 33

tibialis anterior, peroneus tertius, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus

Question 34

Muscles that plantar flex the tarsals:

Answer 34

Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis

Question 35

Muscles that supinate the tarsals

Answer 35

Tibialis anterior (when dorsiflexed), tibialis posterior (when plantar flexed), flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

Question 36

Muscles that pronate the tarsals:

Answer 36

Peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, peroneus tertius, extensor digitorum longus

Question 37

Muscles that flex the toes:

Answer 37

Flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

Question 38

Muscles that extend the toes:

Answer 38

Extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus