Upper Extremity: The Shoulder Region

Question 1

The ability of the scapula to place the glenoid fossa in the best position for the humeral head as the arm moves.

Answer 1

Scapulohumeral rhythm

Question 2

Factors that cause scapulohumeral rhythm to vary:

Answer 2

age, activity, load, speed

Question 3

The ________ ______ suspends the upper extremity from the axial skeleton

Answer 3

shoulder girdle

Question 4

What is the sole skeletal connection between the upper extremity and the trunk?

Answer 4

The Sternoclavicular joint

Question 5

The acromioclavicular joint connects which structures?

Answer 5

acromion process (of the scapula) and the clavicle

Question 6

AC Joint classification

Answer 6

Diarthrodial, irregular

Question 7

Ligaments that strengthen the AC joint

Answer 7

Acromioclavicular ligament (superior), aponeurosis of trapezius and deltoid muscles (posterior), coracoclavicular ligaments (clavicle to coracoid process)

Question 8

The sternoclavicular joint connects which structures?

Answer 8

Clavicle, sternum, cartilage of the first rib

Question 9

SC joint classification

Answer 9

Double arthrodial (2 joint cavities)

Question 10

Ligaments that limit the clavicle in the SC joint

Answer 10

Anterior SC, Posterior SC, Interclavicular (downward motion), Costoclavicular (elevation, protraction, retraction)

Question 11

True or False: Every movement of the scapula involves motion in both the AC joint and the SC joint

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Movements of the scapula

Answer 12

Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, upward and downward rotation, anterior/posterior tilt

Question 13

An upward movement of the scapula, with the vertebral border remaining approximately parallel to the spinal column

Answer 13

Elevation

Question 14

The return from the position of elevation

Answer 14

Depression

Question 15

A lateral movement of the scapula away from the spinal column with the vertebral border remaining approximately parallel to it

Answer 15

Abduction/protraction

Question 16

A medial movement of the scapula toward the spinal column combined with a reduction of lateral tilt

Answer 16

Adduction/retraction

Question 17

A rotation of the scapula in the frontal plane so that the glenoid fossa faces somewhat upward

Answer 17

Upward rotation

Question 18

The return from the position of upward rotation

Answer 18

Downward rotation

Question 19

A turning of the scapula on its mediolateral axis so that the posterior surface faces slightly upward and the inferior angle protrudes from the back

Answer 19

Anterior tilt

Question 20

A tipping of the posterior surface slightly downward and forward.

Answer 20

Posterior tilt

Question 21

Anterior muscles of the shoulder girdle

Answer 21

Pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, subclavius

Question 22

Posterior muscles of the shoulder girdle

Answer 22

levator scapulae, rhomboids, trapezius (4 parts)

Question 23

Pectoralis major actions

Answer 23

Downward rotation, anterior tilt, depression, abduction/protraction and lateral tilt

Question 24

Serratus Anterior actions

Answer 24

Abduction, abduction/protraction (lat. tilt)

Question 25

Subclavius actions

Answer 25

Depression

Question 26

Subclavius main function:

Answer 26

protect and stabilize SC joint

Question 27

Levator Scapulae actions

Answer 27

Elevation, downward rotation

Question 28

Rhomboids actions

Answer 28

Downward rotation, adduction, elevation

Question 29

The rhomboids work with part _ of the trapezius for good shoulder posture

Answer 29

3

Question 30

Trapezius Part 1 actions

Answer 30

elevation

Question 31

Trapezius Part 2 actions

Answer 31

elevation, upward rotation, adduction

Question 32

Trapezius Part 3 actions

Answer 32

adduction

Question 33

Trapezius Part 4 actions

Answer 33

Upward rotation, depression, adduction

Question 34

The shoulder joint connects which structures?

Answer 34

Humeral head and glenoid fossa of the scapula

Question 35

What kind of joint is the shoulder joint?

Answer 35

ball-and-socket joint

Question 36

What does the glenoid labrum do?

Answer 36

The glenoid labrum is the fibercartilage of the glenoid fossa that deepns the fossa and cushions it against the impact of the humeral head in forceful movements.

Question 37

What are the three ligamentous reinforcements of the shoulder joint?

Answer 37

coracohumeral, glenohumeral, and coracoarcomial

Question 38

What are the three muscular reinforcements of the shoulder joint?

Answer 38

supraspinatus, bicep, tricep, subscapularis, pectoralis major, teres major, infraspinatus, teres minor

Question 39

Movements of the shoulder joint

Answer 39

Flexion, hyperflexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, external/internal rotation, horizontal adduction/abduction, circumduction.

Question 40

Anterior muscles of the shoulder joint

Answer 40

Pectoralis minor, corarobrachialis, subscapularis, biceps brachii

Question 41

Posterior muscles of the shoulder joint

Answer 41

Infraspinatus, teres minor

Question 42

Superior muscles of the shoulder joint

Answer 42

Deltoid, supraspinatus

Question 43

Inferior muscles of the shoulder joint

Answer 43

Latissimus dorsi, teres major, triceps brachii

Question 44

Clavicular portion of the pectoralis major movements:

Answer 44

flexion, horizontal adduction, internal rotation, (abduction 110 degrees)

Question 45

Sternal portion of the pectoralis major movements

Answer 45

Downward and forward movements, internal rotation w/ adduction

Question 46

Coracobrachialis movements

Answer 46

Horizontal adduction

Question 47

Biceps brachii movements

Answer 47

flexion and abduction (with resistance, horizontal adduction, internal rotation

Question 48

Anterior deltoid movements

Answer 48

All forward movements, internal rotation

Question 49

Middle deltoid movement

Answer 49

ABDUCTOR

Question 50

Posterior deltoid movements

Answer 50

extension, hyperextension, horizontal extension, forceful adduction of humerus from overhead position

Question 51

Subscapularis movements

Answer 51

internal rotation

Question 52

Supraspinatus movements

Answer 52

abduction (with deltoid), flexion, horizontal extension

Question 53

Infraspinatus and teres minor movements

Answer 53

external rotation

Question 54

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 54

extension, adduction, internal rotation

Question 55

The _____ _____ helps the latissimus dorsi in extension, adduction, and internal rotation.

Answer 55

Teres major

Question 56

The _________ ____ is a huge help with shoulder joint stability.

Answer 56

rotator cuff

Question 57

Triceps brachii (long head) movements

Answer 57

Adduction, extension, hyperextension

Question 58

Muscles involved in the abduction of the humerus (shoulder joint)

Answer 58

deltoid, supraspinatus, plus slight depression from subscapularis, infraspinatus, and teres minor.

Question 59

Muscles involved in the upward rotation of the shoulder girdle:

Answer 59

serratus anterior, trapezius II and IV

Question 60

Muscles involved in the adduction of the humerus:

Answer 60

latissimus dorsi, teres major (against resistance or behind the back), sternal portion of pectoralis major, posterior deltoid.

Question 61

Muscles involved in the reduction of upward rotation of the shoulder:

Answer 61

rhomboids, pectoralis minor, levator scapulae

Question 62

Muscles involved in the flexion of the humerus

Answer 62

anterior deltoid, clavicular portion of pectoralis major, corabrachiaslis (against resistance), biceps brachii

Question 63

Muscles involved in the upward rotation of the shoulder:

Answer 63

serratus anterior, trapezius II and IV

Question 64

Muscles involved in the extension of the humerus:

Answer 64

sternal portion of the pectoralis major, teres major (against resistance), latissimus dorsi, posterior deltoid, triceps brachii (long head).

Question 65

Muscles involved in hyperextension of the humerus:

Answer 65

posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, teres major