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MSA II > lower leg joints / fun stuff > Flashcards

lower leg joints / fun stuff Flashcards

1
Q

4 bursas of the knee

A

infrapatellar -superficial and deep
suprapatellar
prepatellar
semimembranosus

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2
Q

what type of joint is the tibiofemoral

what are the
movements?

A

synovial
diarthrosis
hinge
biaxial

gliding,flex/ext, hyperextension
lat and med rotation

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3
Q

what type of joint is the patellafemoral

A

synovial
diarthrosis
plane
triaxial

main movement = superior and inferior glide

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4
Q

what type of joint is the proximal superior tibiofibular joint

A

synovial
diarthrosis
plane
uniaxial

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5
Q

name 2 ligaments of the proximal superior tibiofibular joint

A

upper interosseous membrane
lateral collateral ligament
fibrous capsule

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6
Q

what type of joint is the mid tibiofibular joint

A

fibrous
interosseous
amphiarthrosis
uniaxial

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7
Q

what type of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint

A

fibrous
syndesmosis
amphiarthrosis
uniaxial

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8
Q

in the gait cycle what does the tibia do during the swing phase

A

internally rotates (knee flexion)

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9
Q

in the gait cycle what does the tibia do during the stance phase

A

externally rotate (knee extension)

tibia rotates around and locks

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10
Q

what is the concave vs convex rule

A

roll and glide happen in the same direction

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11
Q

in the tibiofemoral joint what ligaments are extracapsular

A

fibrous capsule

patellar

MCL

LCL

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12
Q

in the tibiofemoral joint what ligaments are intracapsular

A

anterior cruciate
posterior cruciate
medial meniscus
lateral meniscus

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13
Q

what are the 4 major knee ligaments

which are intra and extra

A

Intracapsular = ACL, PCL

Extracapsular = MCL, LCL

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14
Q

where does the ACL go from

A

MEDIAL aspect of lateral femoral condyle
to
ANTERIOR aspect of tibial intercondylar eminence

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15
Q

what does the ACL resist

A

anterior translation and medial rotation of tibia

TAUT IN HYPEREXTENSION

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16
Q

where does PCL go from

A

posterior intercondylar eminence
to
LATERAL aspect of MEDIAL FEMORAL CONDYLE

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17
Q

MCL resist what forces

A

VALGUS (INWARD)

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18
Q

what does the meniscus do

A

acts to disperse weight evenly and to reduce friction w movement

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19
Q

what mm does the lateral meniscus attach to and what ligament

A

PCL
popliteus

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20
Q

what ligament attaches the menisci

A

TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT

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21
Q

what is one action of the patellofemoral joint

A

acts to increase the biomechanical leverage of quads

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22
Q

what is the screw home mechanism considered

A

a key element to knee stability for standing upright

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23
Q

in the screw home mechanism what does the tibia do during knee extension

A

glide anteriorly on femur, PCL elongates

prolonged anterior glide on medial side produces external tibial rotation

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24
Q

prolonged anterior glide on the medial side produces what

A

external tibial rotation

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25
Q

femoral triangle

A

sartorius
inguinal ligament
adductor longus

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26
Q

hunters canal

A

sartorius - anteromedial
vastus medialis - lateral
adductor longus/magnus - posterior

27
Q

where is the fabella

A

tendon of lateral head of gastrocs

28
Q

anterior femoral group muscles

A

TFL
sartorius
quadriceps
articularis genu

29
Q

medial femoral group

A

adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
pectineus
gracilis

30
Q

TFL O and I

A

ASIS
IT BAND

31
Q

actions of TFL

A

flex, medially rotate hip
tenses fascia lata

SUPERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE

32
Q

what is it called when the Q angle is greater than 22 degrees

A

genu valgum
knocked knees
stress on MCL

gum rhymes with cum and cum makes you great

33
Q

what actions do all the hamstrings do

A

flex knee, extend hip

biceps femoris laterally rotates knee

membranosus & teninosus = medially rotate knee

34
Q

nerve of semimembranosus and semitendinosos and the long head of biceps femoris?

A

sciatic : tibial branch

35
Q

what nerve innervates the short head of biceps femoris

A

sciatic : peroneal branch

36
Q

origin of short head biceps femoris

A

linea aspera
supracondylar line

37
Q

insertion of biceps femoris

A

head of fibula
lateral condyle tibia

38
Q

common origin adductors

common action

common nerve

A

pubic bone

adduct and flex hip

obturator

39
Q

O and I pectineus

A

pectineal line pubic bone
pectineal line femur

obturator and femoral nerve

40
Q

out of the adductors which 2 have 2 nerves

A

pectineus - obturator and femoral

adductor magnus - obturator and sciatic

41
Q

in the last 20 degrees of the knee extension (open chain)

the tibia does what and femur does what

A

tibia- lateral rotation
femur - medial rotation

42
Q

where is the adductor tubercle

A

medial side of femur

43
Q

LCL reisst what force

A

varus

44
Q

normal end feel for knee flexion

A

tissue approximation

45
Q

what is normal end feel for tibiofemoral joint

A

flexion - soft tissue approx
ext- elastic/firm

46
Q

what degree does rotation between the tibia and femur occur

A

between full ext (0 and 20 degrees) at end of knee flexion

47
Q

which condyles articular surface on the tibia is longer and produces anterior tibial glide

A

medial condyle

48
Q

what’s inside the femoral triangle (NAVY)

A

femoral NERVE
femoral ARTERY
femoral VEIN
LYMPHATIC

49
Q

in knee flexion the ACL tightens and glide tibia posteriorly

A

in extension PCL tightens and glides tibia anteriorly

50
Q
A
51
Q

the medial meniscus is attached to what

A

MCL , semimembranosus

52
Q

what’s is called when Q angle is less than 0

A

genu varum
stress on LCL

53
Q

movements of patellofemoral joint

A

inferior/superior glide
medial/lateral glide
medial/lateral tilt
medial/lateral rotation

54
Q

articulating surfaces of patellofemoral joint

A

concave posterior surface of patella

convex trochlear surface of distal anterior femur

55
Q

articulating process of tibiofemoral joint

A

convex medial and lateral femoral condyles

concave tibial plateau

56
Q

when in open chain what happens in flexion

A

tibia rolls and glides posteriorly on femur

57
Q

ligaments of patellofemoral joint

A

patellar ligament
medial and lateral patellofemoral

58
Q

ligament of mid tibiofibular joint

A

interosseous membrane

59
Q

articulating surfaces of MID tibiofibular joint

A

interosseous membrane connecting shaft of tibia and fibula

60
Q

explain screw home mechanism

A

rotation occurs on tibia and femur between 0 and 20 degrees of flexion

tibia glides anteriorly and PCL elongates

during last 20 degrees, anterior tibial glide persists medial condyle (longer)

prolonged anterior glide produces external rotation of tibia

61
Q

reverse of screw home mechanism

A

posterior tibial glide, ACL elongates
between 0 and 20 degrees flexion, posterior glide on medial side that produces internal tibial rotation

62
Q

contents of popliteal fossa

CFN
TN
PA
PN

A

common fibular nerve

tibial nerve

popliteal artery

popliteal vein

63
Q

borders of popliteal fossa

SGPB
some girls palpate boys

A

semimembranosus
gastrocs both head
plantaris
biceps femoris

64
Q
A

MSA II (20 decks)

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