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MSA II > spine > Flashcards

spine Flashcards

1
Q

how many intervertebral discs

A

23

starting at C2 / C3 ending at L5/S1

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2
Q

how many spinal nerves

A

31 pairs

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3
Q

how many cervical spinal nerves

A

8

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4
Q

functions of spine (5)

A

protection
stabilization
support/weight bearing
motion
resiliency

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5
Q

what are the 3 types of curves in spine

A

lordosis - lumbar/cervical

kyphosis - thoracic/ sacral

scoliosis

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6
Q

define kyphosis

A

excessive outward curve of upper back usually thoracic

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7
Q

define lordosis

A

excessive INWARD curvature of lumbar spine

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8
Q

disc thickness

A

cervical discs = thicker anteriorly

thoracic discs = equal thickness

lumbar discs - thicker anteriorly

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9
Q

what is the annulus fibrosis

A

outer fibrous ring that surrounds the nucleus pulposus

layers of fibrocartliage

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10
Q

highest load =

A

lifting wrong

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11
Q

lowest load =

A

lying down

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12
Q

what is the conus medullaris

A

where spinal cord ends and cauda equina begins

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13
Q

cervical vertebral bodies (in reference to height)

A

equal height anterior to posterior

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14
Q

thoracic vertebral bodies (thickness)

A

thicker posteriorly than anteriorly

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15
Q

lumbar vertebral bodies (heights)

A

heights vary

L1= higher posteriorly
L2= heights are equal
L3-L5 = higher anteriorly

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16
Q

what is the nucleus pulposus

A

inner gel inside intervertebral disc that acts as shock absorber

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17
Q

what is then intervertebral disc made of

A

outer fibrous ring called annulus fibrosus that surrounds inner gel center called the nucleus pulposus

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18
Q

what are the 2 types of joint of the spine

A

FACET - synovial, diarthrosis, plane, uniaxial

INTERVERTEBRAL - cartilaginous, symphysis, amphiarthrosis, triaxial

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19
Q

in C2 to C5, lateral flexion is always accompanied by rotation on the _________

A

ipsilateral

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20
Q

in T6 to L5, lateral flexion is always accompanied by rotation on the _________

A

contralateral side

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21
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A

O: iliolumbar ligament, internal lip of iliac crest

I: border of 12th rib, TP’s L1-L4

A: extension, lateral flexion, depress 12th rib

N: lumbar plexus

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22
Q

iliacus

A

O: superior 2/3 iliac fossa, iliac crest, ala of sacrum

I: distal to lesser trochanter

A: flexion/ lateral flexion pf hip joint, anterior pelvic tilt

N: femoral

23
Q

psoas minor

A

O: sides of bodies of T12 and L1, intervertebral disc between

I: iliopectineal eminence, arcuate line of ilium, iliac fascia

A: flexion of pelvis

lumbar plexus

24
Q

psoas minor is absent in __ of people

A

50%

25
Q

levator costarum

A

TP’s C7-T11

ribs 1-12

elevate ribs

dorsal rami spinal nerve

26
Q

semispinalis thoracis

A

TP’s T6-T12
SP’S C6-T4

27
Q

iliocostalis cervicis

A

O: ribs 3-6

I: TP’s C4-C6

A: extension, lateral flexion

N: dorsal rami spinal nerve

28
Q

iliocostalis lumborum

A

O: sacrum, iliac crest, supraspinous ligament

I: ribs 7-12

A: extension, lateral flexion

N: dorsal rami spinal nerve

29
Q

iliocostalis thoracis

A

O: ribs 7-12

I: ribs 1-6, TP C7

A: extension, lateral flexion

N: dorsal rami spinal nerve

30
Q

longissimus capitis

A

O: TP’s T1-T4 , artic process C5-C7

I: mastoid process

A: extension, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation

N: dorsal rami

31
Q

longissimus cervicis

A

O: TP’s T1-T5

I: TP’s C2-C6

A: extension, lateral flexion

N: dorsal rami spinal nerve

32
Q

longissimus thoracis

A

O: TP’s L1-L5

I: TP’s T1-T12, ribs 4-12

A: extension, lateral flexion

N: dorsal rami spinal nerve

33
Q

spinalis capitis

A

O: TP’s C7-T6

I: occiput in between nuchal lines

A: extension, ipsilateral rotation

N: dorsal rami spinal nerve

34
Q

spinalis cervicis

A

O: SP C7

I: SP C2

A: extension

N: dorsal rami

35
Q

semispinalis capitis

A

O: TP’s C7-T6

I: occiput between nuchal lines

A: extension, contralateral rotation

N: dorsal rami

36
Q

semispinalis cervicis

A

O: TP’S T1-T5

I: SP’S C2-C5

A: extension, contralateral rotation

N: dorsal rami spinal nerve

37
Q

semispinalis thoracis

A

O: TP’S T6-T12

I: SP’S C6-T4

A: extension, contralateral rotation

N: dorsal rami spinal nerve

38
Q

multifidus cervicis

A

O: TP’S C4-C7

I: SP’S 2-4 segments above origin

A: extension, contralateral rotation

N: dorsal rami spinal nerve

39
Q

multifidus thoracis

A

O: TP’s T1-T12

I: SP’s 2-4 segments above origin

A: extension, contralateral rotation

N: dorsal rami spinal nerve

40
Q

multifidus lumborum

A

O: TP’S L1-L5

I: SP’s 2-4 segments above

A: extension, contralateral rotation

N: dorsal rami

41
Q

rotatores

A

O: TP’s of vertebra

I: SP’s and lamina 1-2 segments above origin

A: extension, contralateral rotation

N: dorsal rami spinal nerve

42
Q

interspinales

A

O: SP’s of vertebrae below

I: TP’s of vertebrae above

A: extension of neck and trunk

N: dorsal rami spinal nerve

43
Q

intertransversarii

A

O: TP’s of vertebrae below

I: SP’s of vertebrae above

A: lateral flexion

N: dorsal rami

44
Q

diaphragm

A

O: 2 slips down from xiphoid process
ribs 6-12, ribs 6-12 costal cartilages
bodiesof upper lumbar vertebrae

I: central tendon

A: contracts , dome descends, relaxes dome ascends

N:phrenic

45
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

O: SP’s T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, ribs 9-12, slip of inferior angle scapula, internal lip iliac crest

I: intertubercular groove of humerus

A: extend, medially rotate adduct GH joint

N:thoracodorsal

46
Q

how many true vertebrae

A

24

47
Q

how many false vertebrae

A

2 (sacrum and coccyx)

48
Q

how many intervertebral discs

A

23 starting at C2-C3 ending at L5-S1

49
Q

what nerve goes through C7 and T1

A

C8 nerve root

50
Q

definition of scoliosis

A

lateral deviation of spine

51
Q

kyphosis usually happens where

A

thoracic

52
Q

what do the superior vertebral notch and inferior vertebral notch form

A

intervertebral foramen

53
Q

where is the last intervertebral disc facet

A

L5

54
Q
A

MSA II (20 decks)

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