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spine Flashcards

1
Q

how many intervertebral discs

A

23

starting at C2 / C3 ending at L5/S1

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2
Q

how many spinal nerves

A

31 pairs

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3
Q

how many cervical spinal nerves

A

8

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4
Q

functions of spine (5)

A

protection
stabilization
support/weight bearing
motion
resiliency

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5
Q

what are the 3 types of curves in spine

A

lordosis - lumbar/cervical

kyphosis - thoracic/ sacral

scoliosis

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6
Q

define kyphosis

A

excessive outward curve of upper back usually thoracic

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7
Q

define lordosis

A

excessive INWARD curvature of lumbar spine

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8
Q

disc thickness

A

cervical discs = thicker anteriorly

thoracic discs = equal thickness

lumbar discs - thicker anteriorly

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9
Q

what is the annulus fibrosis

A

outer fibrous ring that surrounds the nucleus pulposus

layers of fibrocartliage

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10
Q

highest load =

A

lifting wrong

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11
Q

lowest load =

A

lying down

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12
Q

what is the conus medullaris

A

where spinal cord ends and cauda equina begins

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13
Q

cervical vertebral bodies (in reference to height)

A

equal height anterior to posterior

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14
Q

thoracic vertebral bodies (thickness)

A

thicker posteriorly than anteriorly

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15
Q

lumbar vertebral bodies (heights)

A

heights vary

L1= higher posteriorly
L2= heights are equal
L3-L5 = higher anteriorly

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16
Q

what is the nucleus pulposus

A

inner gel inside intervertebral disc that acts as shock absorber

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17
Q

what is then intervertebral disc made of

A

outer fibrous ring called annulus fibrosus that surrounds inner gel center called the nucleus pulposus

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18
Q

what are the 2 types of joint of the spine

A

FACET - synovial, diarthrosis, plane, uniaxial

INTERVERTEBRAL - cartilaginous, symphysis, amphiarthrosis, triaxial

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19
Q

in C2 to C5, lateral flexion is always accompanied by rotation on the _________

A

ipsilateral

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20
Q

in T6 to L5, lateral flexion is always accompanied by rotation on the _________

A

contralateral side

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21
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A

O: iliolumbar ligament, internal lip of iliac crest

I: border of 12th rib, TP’s L1-L4

A: extension, lateral flexion, depress 12th rib

N: lumbar plexus

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22
Q

iliacus

A

O: superior 2/3 iliac fossa, iliac crest, ala of sacrum

I: distal to lesser trochanter

A: flexion/ lateral flexion pf hip joint, anterior pelvic tilt

N: femoral

23
Q

psoas minor

A

O: sides of bodies of T12 and L1, intervertebral disc between

I: iliopectineal eminence, arcuate line of ilium, iliac fascia

A: flexion of pelvis

lumbar plexus

24
Q

psoas minor is absent in __ of people

25
levator costarum
TP's C7-T11 ribs 1-12 elevate ribs dorsal rami spinal nerve
26
semispinalis thoracis
TP's T6-T12 SP'S C6-T4
27
iliocostalis cervicis
O: ribs 3-6 I: TP's C4-C6 A: extension, lateral flexion N: dorsal rami spinal nerve
28
iliocostalis lumborum
O: sacrum, iliac crest, supraspinous ligament I: ribs 7-12 A: extension, lateral flexion N: dorsal rami spinal nerve
29
iliocostalis thoracis
O: ribs 7-12 I: ribs 1-6, TP C7 A: extension, lateral flexion N: dorsal rami spinal nerve
30
longissimus capitis
O: TP's T1-T4 , artic process C5-C7 I: mastoid process A: extension, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation N: dorsal rami
31
longissimus cervicis
O: TP's T1-T5 I: TP's C2-C6 A: extension, lateral flexion N: dorsal rami spinal nerve
32
longissimus thoracis
O: TP's L1-L5 I: TP's T1-T12, ribs 4-12 A: extension, lateral flexion N: dorsal rami spinal nerve
33
spinalis capitis
O: TP's C7-T6 I: occiput in between nuchal lines A: extension, ipsilateral rotation N: dorsal rami spinal nerve
34
spinalis cervicis
O: SP C7 I: SP C2 A: extension N: dorsal rami
35
semispinalis capitis
O: TP's C7-T6 I: occiput between nuchal lines A: extension, contralateral rotation N: dorsal rami
36
semispinalis cervicis
O: TP'S T1-T5 I: SP'S C2-C5 A: extension, contralateral rotation N: dorsal rami spinal nerve
37
semispinalis thoracis
O: TP'S T6-T12 I: SP'S C6-T4 A: extension, contralateral rotation N: dorsal rami spinal nerve
38
multifidus cervicis
O: TP'S C4-C7 I: SP'S 2-4 segments above origin A: extension, contralateral rotation N: dorsal rami spinal nerve
39
multifidus thoracis
O: TP's T1-T12 I: SP's 2-4 segments above origin A: extension, contralateral rotation N: dorsal rami spinal nerve
40
multifidus lumborum
O: TP'S L1-L5 I: SP's 2-4 segments above A: extension, contralateral rotation N: dorsal rami
41
rotatores
O: TP's of vertebra I: SP's and lamina 1-2 segments above origin A: extension, contralateral rotation N: dorsal rami spinal nerve
42
interspinales
O: SP's of vertebrae below I: TP's of vertebrae above A: extension of neck and trunk N: dorsal rami spinal nerve
43
intertransversarii
O: TP's of vertebrae below I: SP's of vertebrae above A: lateral flexion N: dorsal rami
44
diaphragm
O: 2 slips down from xiphoid process ribs 6-12, ribs 6-12 costal cartilages bodiesof upper lumbar vertebrae I: central tendon A: contracts , dome descends, relaxes dome ascends N:phrenic
45
latissimus dorsi
O: SP's T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, ribs 9-12, slip of inferior angle scapula, internal lip iliac crest I: intertubercular groove of humerus A: extend, medially rotate adduct GH joint N:thoracodorsal
46
how many true vertebrae
24
47
how many false vertebrae
2 (sacrum and coccyx)
48
how many intervertebral discs
23 starting at C2-C3 ending at L5-S1
49
what nerve goes through C7 and T1
C8 nerve root
50
definition of scoliosis
lateral deviation of spine
51
kyphosis usually happens where
thoracic
52
what do the superior vertebral notch and inferior vertebral notch form
intervertebral foramen
53
where is the last intervertebral disc facet
L5
54

MSA II (20 decks)

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