Lower limb 1

Question 1

what are the 4 heads of the quadriceps and what is their nerve supply?

Answer 1

femoral nerve

• rectus femoris
• vastus medialis
• vastus intermedius
• vastus longus

Question 2

what is the nerve supply of the tensor fasciae latae ?

Answer 2

superior gluteal nerve

Question 3

what are the hamstring muscles and their nerve innervation?

Answer 3

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranousus

• sciatic nerve

Question 4

what are the adductors of the thigh and their nerve supply?

Answer 4

adductor longus 
adductor brevis 
adductor magnus 
gracillis 
obturator externa 

• obturator nerve

Question 5

what is the nerve supply of the pectineus muscle?

Answer 5

femoral nerve

Question 6

what is the nerve supply of the piriformis muscle?

Answer 6

superior gluteal nerve

Question 7

what are the muscles of the posterior hip?

Answer 7

gluteus maximus - IGN
gluteus medius - SGN
gluteus minimus - SGN
obturator - obturator nerve 
superior and inferior gemmeli - obturator nerve 
piriformis - SGN

Question 8

what are the actions of the sartorius muscle and what is its nerve supply?

Answer 8

femoral nerve
flexes, abducts and laterally rotates the leg
flexes the knee

Question 9

to what point does the patellar ligament attach to distally?

Answer 9

tibial tuberosity

Question 10

what superficial vein runs anterior and which one runs posterior?

Answer 10

anterior = great saphenous vein
posterior = short saphenous vein

Question 11

what are the 2 main lymph groups in the lower limbs?

Answer 11

superficial inguinal group of lymph nodes (upper and lower group)
popliteal group of lymph nodes

Question 12

what is the dermatomal region of the medial knee?

Answer 12

L3

Question 13

what is the dermatomal region of the big and little toes?

Answer 13

S1 - little toe

L5 - big toe

Question 14

what is the dermatomal region of the upper and lower parts of the thigh ?

Answer 14

L2 - upper

L3 - lower

Question 15

what is the dermatomal region of the heel?

Answer 15

S1

Question 16

what ring of cartilage surrounds the cavity of the hip joint?

Answer 16

acetabular labrum

Question 17

what are the ligaments of the pelvic girdle?

Answer 17

illiofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral

Question 18

what are the extensors of the thigh?

Answer 18

gluteus maximus

hamstrings; (semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris)

adductor magnus

Question 19

what are the flexors of the thigh?

Answer 19

rectus femoris (quadricep)
iliacus
psoas major
pectineus

Question 20

what are the medial rotators of the hips?

Answer 20

tensor fasciae latae
gluteus medius and minimus
adductor brevis, longus and magnus
pectineus

Question 21

where is the adductor hiatus located and what structures pass through it?

Answer 21

distal femur - between the the femur and ligament of adductor magnus

• saphenous nerve
• femoral artery and vein
• descending vehicular artery

Question 22

what surface features can be used to locate the femoral artery?

Answer 22

mid inguinal point

mid way between the pubic symphysis and anterior superior iliac spine

Question 23

what artery supplies the posterior compartment of the thigh and what is this a branch of?

Answer 23

profunda femoral artery

branch of the femoral artery

Question 24

what are the contents of the adductor canal?

Answer 24

nerve to the vastus medialis
saphenous nerve
femoral artery
femoral vein

Question 25

what are the contents of the femoral canal?

Answer 25

femoral artery and vein

Question 26

what are the 2 main branches of the lumbar plexus?

Answer 26

femoral nerve | obturator nerve

Question 27

what compartment of the thigh does the obturator and femoral nerves supply?

Answer 27

``` femoral = anterior obturator = medial sciatic = posterior ```

Question 28

what is the iliotibial tract?

Answer 28

the tendon continuation of the tensor fascia lata on the lateral side of the thigh

Question 29

what is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?

Answer 29

prevents hyperextension of the hip

Question 30

what is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament?

Answer 30

prevents hyperextension and excessive internal rotation of the hip

Question 31

what is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?

Answer 31

prevents hyperabduction of the hip

Question 32

what are the actions of the pectinous muscle and what is its nerve supply?

Answer 32

femoral nerve hip adduction medially rotates hip hip flexion

Question 33

what are the actions of the tensor fasciae latae?

Answer 33

acts in synergy with the gluteus medius and minimum to abduct and medially rotate thigh