Upper limb wet room

Question 1

what muscles form the borders of the axilla?

Answer 1

anterior - pectorals major and minor
posterior - subscapsularis
medial - serrates anterior and thoracic wall
lateral - interlobular sulcus of humerus

Question 2

when does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

Answer 2

lateral border of the 1st rib

Question 3

when does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

Answer 3

inferior border of the teres major

Question 4

if there is severe bleeding from the upper limb, compression of which artery is necessary?

Answer 4

axillary

Question 5

what is erb’s point and what clinical significance does this have?

Answer 5

its where C5 and C6 emerge
damage at this point results in paralysis of C5 and C6 characterised by medially rotated am, pronated forearm and waiter tip flexion of the wrist

Question 6

what segmental roots of the brachial plexus contribute to the upper trunk and the lower trunk ?

Answer 6

upper C5 and C6

lower C8 and T1

Question 7

what type of palsy would arise from injury to the lower trunk of the brachial plexus? what muscles are affected?

Answer 7

klumpke’s palsy

intrinsic muscles of hand and ulnar flexors of the wrist and fingers

Question 8

what are the branches of the lateral cord?

Answer 8

musculocutaneous nerve

lateral cord of median nerve

Question 9

what are the branches of the median cord?

Answer 9

ulnar nerve

medial cord of median nerve

Question 10

what are the branches of the posterior cord?

Answer 10

radial nerve

axillary nerve

Question 11

what are the different parts of the scapula?

Answer 11

spine
supraspinous fossa 
infraspinous fossa
acromion
glenoid fossa
coracoid 
superior and inferior angle 
medial and lateral borders

Question 12

what type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 12

synovial plane

Question 13

what type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 13

synovial saddle

Question 14

what are the parts of the clavicle?

Answer 14

sternal facet
acromial facet
conoid tubercle
impression fo subclavian vein

Question 15

what part of the clavicle is the weakest and so is the most common site of fracture?

Answer 15

junction of 2 curvatures at the conoid tubercle (when it goes from biconvex to biconcave)

Question 16

what muscles elevate the scapula?

Answer 16

elevator scapulae

trapezius (upper fibres)

Question 17

what muscles depress the scapula?

Answer 17

trapezius (lower fibres)
pectoralis minor
serrates anterior

Question 18

what muscles protract the scapula?

Answer 18

serrates anterior

pectoralis minor

Question 19

what muscles retract the scapula?

Answer 19

trapezius (middle fibres)
rhomboids (major and minor)
latissimus dorsi

Question 20

what bursa communicated with the joint cavity?

Answer 20

subscapular

Question 21

what tendon is in contact with the subachromial bursa?

Answer 21

supraspinatous

Question 22

what is the role of the subachromial bursa?

Answer 22

supports deltoid and supraspinatous tendon

Question 23

what common sporting injury damages the subachromial bursa?

Answer 23

subacromial impingement - painful arc syndrome

Question 24

what are the rotator cuff muscles/

Answer 24

subscapsularis
supraspinatous
infraspinatous
teres minor

Question 25

what movements does the anterior, middle and posterior fibres of the deltoid carry out?

Answer 25

anterior medially rotates and flexes the shoulder joint middle abducts the shoulder joint posterior laterally rotates and extends the shoulder joint

Question 26

what is the nerve supply of the deltoid?

Answer 26

axillary nerve c5, c6

Question 27

what common injury is the axillary nerve often trapped and therefore damaged?

Answer 27

shoulder dislocation

Question 28

what is the action of the pectorals major muscle on the shoulder joint?

Answer 28

adducts and medially rotates the humerus at the glenohumeral joint

Question 29

what is the nerve supply of the serrates anterior and what clinical sign is seen when this is injured?

Answer 29

C5,C6,C7 | winged scapula

Question 30

what are the actions of the latissimus dorsi on the shoulder joint?

Answer 30

extends, adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint

Question 31

what is the action of the supraspinatous muscle?

Answer 31

abducts the shoulder

Question 32

what is the action of the infraspinatous muscle?

Answer 32

external rotation

Question 33

what is the action of the subscapularis muscle?

Answer 33

adduction and internal (medial) rotation

Question 34

what muscles medially rotate the scapula?

Answer 34

pectoralis minor rhomboids levator scpaulae

Question 35

what muscles laterally rotate the scapula?

Answer 35

trapezius (upper and lower fibres) | serrates anterior

Question 36

what are the actions of the serrates anterior on the scapula and what is its nerve supply?

Answer 36

long thoracic nerve depresses protracts laterally rotates

Question 37

what are the actions of the rhomboids on the scapula?

Answer 37

elevates retracts medially rotates

Question 38

what are the actions of the levator scapulae on the scapula?

Answer 38

elevates | medially rotates

Question 39

what are the actions of teres major and minor on the shoulder joint?

Answer 39

both: - adduct teres major; extends internally rotates teres minor; externally rotates