{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "Brainscape", "url": "https://www.brainscape.com/", "logo": "https://www.brainscape.com/pks/images/cms/public-views/shared/Brainscape-logo-c4e172b280b4616f7fda.svg", "sameAs": [ "https://www.facebook.com/Brainscape", "https://x.com/brainscape", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/brainscape", "https://www.instagram.com/brainscape/", "https://www.tiktok.com/@brainscapeu", "https://www.pinterest.com/brainscape/", "https://www.youtube.com/@BrainscapeNY" ], "contactPoint": { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "(929) 334-4005", "contactType": "customer service", "availableLanguage": ["English"] }, "founder": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Andrew Cohen" }, "description": "Brainscape’s spaced repetition system is proven to DOUBLE learning results! Find, make, and study flashcards online or in our mobile app. Serious learners only.", "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "159 W 25th St, Ste 517", "addressLocality": "New York", "addressRegion": "NY", "postalCode": "10001", "addressCountry": "USA" } }
Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy Y2 > Lower Limb 2 > Flashcards

Lower Limb 2 Flashcards

(87 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is a nerve plexus?

A

Formed when peripheral spinal nerve roots merge and split to produce a network of nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What nerves emerge from a nerve plexus?

A

Multisegmental peripheral nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What plexus supplies the lower limb?

A

Lumbosacral plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 nerves that emerge from the lumbar plexus?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
Femoral nerve
Obturator nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What trunk comes out of the lumbar plexus?

A

Lumbosacral trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 4 main nerves that come out of the sacral plexus?

A

Superior gluteal nerve
Inferior gluteal nerve
Sciatic nerve
Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What spinal nerves make up the lumbosacral plexus?

A

L2-5, S1-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What spinal nerves is the femoral nerve made of?

A

L2, 3, 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What nerve supplies the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What spinal nerves is the obturator nerve made of?

A

L2, 3, 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What nerve supplies the posterior thigh, anterior/posterior leg and the foot?

A

Sciatic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What spinal nerves if the sciatic nerve made of?

A

L4, 5, S1, 2, 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the terminal branch of the femoral nerve?

A

Saphenous nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the saphenous nerve supply?

A

Antero medial leg

Medial foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What nerve supplies the adductor muscles in the thigh?

A

The obturator nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What muscle is a landmark for nerves passing from the buttock to the interior pelvis?

A

Piriformis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does the superior gluteal nerve enter the buttock?

A

Superior to the piriformis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What muscles does the superior gluteal nerve innervate?

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does the inferior gluteal nerve enter the buttock?

A

Inferior to the piriformis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What muscles does the inferior gluteal nerve innervate?

A

Gluteus maximus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve enter the buttock?

A

Inferior to the piriformis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does the superior posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh enter the buttock?

A

Inferior to the piriformis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In relation to the gluteus maximus, where does the sciatic nerve run?

A

Deep to it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
In the posterior leg, what does the sciatic nerve split into?
Common peroneal nerve | Tibial nerve
26
What does the common peroneal nerve bifurcate into?
Superficial peroneal nerve and deep peroneal nerve
27
What does the superficial peroneal nerve supply?
Lateral muscles, skin of dorsum of foot
28
What does the deep peroneal nerve supply?
Anterior muscles and skin of cleft between 1st and 2nd toes
29
Where is the common peroneal nerve most susceptible to injury?
Below the knee where it comes around to the anterior leg
30
What muscles does the tibial nerve supply?
Superficial and deep muscle compartments of the posterior leg
31
How does the tibial nerve enter the foot?
At the ankle it passes posteriorly to the medial malleolus
32
What are the terminal branches of the tibial nerve?
Lateral and medial plantar nerves
33
What is a useful acronym for remembering the dermatomes of the anterior leg?
L3 to the knee | L4 to the floor
34
What are autonomous zones?
Regions of non overlapping sensory supply from an individual spinal root
35
What are the main arteries that supply the lower limb?
Iliac arteries
36
What blood vessel bifurcates to form the left and right common iliac arteries?
Abdominal aorta
37
What does the internal iliac artery supply?
Lateral thigh and buttock
38
What does the external iliac artery supply?
The lower limb apart from the lateral thigh and buttock
39
What does the external iliac artery go under when passing from the pelvis into the thigh?
Inguinal ligament
40
What does the external iliac artery become as it descends?
Femoral artery
41
What does the femoral artery become as it descends?
Popliteal artery
42
Where does the popliteal artery run?
The posterior leg
43
What is the main artery of the thigh? Where does it come from?
Deep femoral artery, is a branch of the femoral artery
44
What does the femoral artery pass through before entering the posterior leg as the popliteal artery?
The hiatus of the adductor magnus muscle
45
Where can the femoral pulse be palpated?
On the anterior thigh at the most proximal point in the thigh in the middle
46
What are the arteries that supply the femur?
Lateral and medial circumflex arteries | Acetabular branch of the obturator artery
47
Which artery supplying the head of the femur is more important in children and why?
Acetabular branch of the obturator artery as their bones are still growing
48
Why are the arteries supplying the femur important in terms of fracture?
Damage to the bloody supply can cause avascular necrosis of the femoral head
49
What does the popliteal artery become as it descends?
Tibial artery
50
What branches arise from the popliteal artery to supply the knee?
Genicular branches
51
What does the tibial artery become as it descends?
Posterior tibial artery | Anterior tibial artery
52
What branches off the posterior tibial artery?
Peroneal artery
53
What does the posterior tibial artery become as it enters the foot?
Medial plantar artery | Lateral plantar artery
54
What arteries supply the posterior and lateral aspects of the leg?
Posterior tibial artery | Peritoneal artery
55
What does the anterior tibial artery run along?
Interosseous membrane
56
What does the anterior tibial artery become as it enters the foot?
Dorsalis pedis artery
57
Where is the popliteal pulse palpated?
Posterior knee
58
Where is the plantar pulse palpated?
Medial aspect of bottom of foot near heel
59
Where is the dorsalis pedis pulse palpated?
Medial aspect of foot, halfway between the big toe and ankle
60
Where in the ankle does the posterior tibial artery run?
Medially in between the calcaneal tendon and tendons of posterior muscles
61
What artery does the dorsalis pedis artery give rise to on the dorsal aspect of the foot?
Arcuate artery/arch
62
What do the medial and lateral plantar arteries form on the plantar surface of the foot?
Plantar arch
63
How are the arcuate and plantar arches connected?
By perforating arteries
64
What are the 2 routes by which venous return occurs in the lower limb? How are they different to each other?
Deep- accompanies the arteries | Superficial- close to the limb surface
65
What is special about the deep venous drainage of the lower limb?
The veins accompany and have the same names as the arteries (the blood just flows in different ways)
66
What are venae comitantes?
Distal deep veins in the lower limb that arent single They are multiple veins that form a network of smaller veins with arteries which they accompany. they allow heat exchange and the artery pulse promotes venous flow
67
How are valves in the lower limb veins arranged?
To only allow distal to proximal flow of blood
68
What do veins of the lower limb run between and why?
Muscles so that when they contract the blood is also pushed eg the calf pump
69
What dangerous condition can poor venous drainage in the lower limb cause?
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
70
How do compression socks reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis?
They squeeze the superficial veins and promote venous drainage via the deep system
71
What are the 2 main superficial veins of the leg?
Long saphenous vein | Short saphenous vein
72
What does the long saphenous vein drain into?
The femoral vein
73
Where does the long saphenous vein run?
Past the anterior malleolus, up the inner leg then pierces the fascia latae to drain into the femoral vein
74
What does the short saphenous vein drain into?
The popliteal vein
75
Where does the short saphenous vein run along?
Posterior to lateral malleolus, rungs along the posterior leg then drains into the popliteal veins
76
What are the superficial veins often harvested for?
Venous grafts, most commonly coronary artery bypass grafts
77
How are deep and superficial veins connected? What is special about connections between them?
By perforating veins- they have a valve that only allows flow from superficial to deep
78
What are varicose veins? How do they form?
They form when there is valvular malfunction in the perforating veins between deep and superficial veins. It causes build up of blood in the superficial veins and can be painful. There is higher risk of DVT as venous drainage is impaired
79
How do lymphatic vessels in the lower limb run?
Alongside veins so there is a deep and superficial set
80
What are the 2 main sets of nodes in the lower limb? What do they each drain?
Popliteal nodes- drain distal limb | Inguinal nodes- drain limb and pudendal region, perineum, anus and parts of the lower abdomen
81
What does the superficial posterior leg lymph vessel run along?
The short saphenous vein
82
What is the femoral triangle outlined by?
Superiorly: inguinal ligament Medially: adductor longus Laterally: sartorius
83
What does the femoral triangle contain?
Femoral nerve Femoral artery Femoral vein Superficial and deep lymph nodes
84
Out of the femoral artery vein and nerve which is most lateral and which is most medial?
Nerve is most lateral, then artery and vein is most medial
85
What is the popliteal fossa outlined by?
Superiorly: semimembranosis and biceps femoris muscles Inferiorly: lateral and medial heads of gastrocnemius muscles
86
What does the popliteal fossa contain?
Tibial and common peroneal nerves Popliteal artery and vein Popliteal lymph nodes
87
What is the fascia covering the popliteal fossa pierced by?
The short saphenous vein

Anatomy Y2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions