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Lower Limb Anatomy Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

The four superficial muscles of the gluteal region

A

Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Minimus
Gluteus Medius
Tensor Fascia Latea

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2
Q

Which gluteal muscle is supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve?

A

Gluteus Maximus

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3
Q

Which nerve innervates the other three superficial muscles of the gluteal region?

A

Superior Gluteal Nerve

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4
Q

What motions do the superficial gluteal muscles carry out?

A

Abduction
Extension
Medial Rotation

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5
Q

Problems with abductors causes what clinical sign?

A

Trendelenberg’s Gait

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6
Q

List the Deep Gluteal Muscles

A

Piriformis
Gemelli
Obturator Internus
Quadratus Femoris

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7
Q

What nerve’s supply the deep gluteal muscles?

A

Nerves from the sacral plexus

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8
Q

What movements do the deep gluteal muscles carry out?

A

Lateral Rotation

Hip Stabilisers

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9
Q

What makes up the Greater Sciatic Foramen?

A

Sacrotuberous Ligament

Sacrospinous Ligament

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10
Q

Most lateral structure to exit the greater sciatic foramen, inferior to the piriformis?

A

The sciatic nerve

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11
Q

Name of Artery specifically to supply the sciatic nerve

A

Artery to the sciatic nerve

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12
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve divide - and what does it become?

A

The distal thigh

Common Fibular and Tibial nerves

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13
Q

Flexors of the thigh in the anterior compartment?

A

Pectinus
Iliopsoas
Sartorius

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14
Q

Extensors of the leg in the anterior thigh compartment?

A

Quadriceps Femoris Group

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15
Q

Nerve supply to the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral Nerve

L2,3,4

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16
Q

Muscles of the Medial Thigh compartment?

A 
Adductor Longus 
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Magnus
Gracilis
Obturator Externus
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17
Q

What does the obturator nerve supply?

A

Muscles of the medial thigh compartment

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18
Q

Which muscle is the hamstring part of?

A

The Adductor Magnus

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19
Q

What supplies half of the adductor magnus?

A

Tibial nerve

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20
Q

What is vulnerable to avulsion fractures?

A

The hamstring

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21
Q

Muscles of the Posterior compartment of the thigh

A

Biceps Femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

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22
Q

Function of thigh’s posterior compartment muscles?

A

Thigh Extension

Leg Flexion

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23
Q

Nerve supply to the posterior thigh

A

Tibial division of sciatic nerve

L5, S1, S2

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24
Q

The short head of which muscle is supplied by the common fibular nerve?

A

Biceps Femoris

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25
Muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallicus Longus Fibularis Tertius
26
Nerve supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?
Peroneal Nerve a.k.a deep fibular nerve | This is a branch of the common fibular nerve
27
What is the function of the anterior leg muscles?
Dorsi flexion of ankle | Extensors of the toes
28
Lateral Compartment of the Leg Muscles?
Fibularis Longus | Fibularis Brevis
29
Movements of the lateral leg muscles?
Weak plantar flexion of ankle | Evert foot
30
Nerve supply to the lateral leg compartment
Superficial Fibular Nerve | L5, S1, S2
31
What is the posterior leg compartment divided into?
Superficial and Deep muscle groups
32
Gastrocnemius Soleus and Plantaris are muscles of which compartment?
The superficial posterior leg
33
What does the tibial nerve supply?
All muscles of the posterior leg compartment, both deep and superficial
34
Deep Muscles of the Posterior Leg?
Popliteus Flexor Hallicus Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Tibialis Posterior
35
Responsible for toe flexion and ankle plantarflexion
Deep Muscles of Posterior Leg
36
Superficial Muscles of Posterior leg Movements?
Ankle Plantarflexion
37
Another name for the calcaneal tendon?
Achilles Tendon
38
What two muscle tendons form the Achilles?
Gastrocnemius and Soleus
39
Where does the calcaneal tendon attach?
Calcaneal tuberosity of the calcaneous
40
Popliteal fascia forms the ? of the popliteal fossa?
Roof
41
Supermedial boundary of the popliteal fossa?
Semimembranosus
42
Inferior boundary of the popliteal fossa is the biceps femoris? True or False?
False. The gastrocnemius is the inferior boundary. The Biceps Femoris is the superiolateral boundary
43
Terminal Small Saphenous Vein can be found here?
The popliteal fossa
44
Hip and Knee joints are synovial? True/False?
True | Both have and external fibrous layer and an internal membranous layer
45
Artery Branch of Obturator which supplies femoral head?
Artery to the head of the femur
46
Branches of the deep femoral artery?
Medial and Lateral Circumflex Femoral Arteries
47
Ligamentum Teres attaches the ? of the femoral head to the ?.
Fovea Capitas to the Acetabulum of the hip
48
Where in the femur is there a ring of anastomosis?
Neck
49
This can be used as a tendon graft in ACL reconstruction
Semitendinosus
50
Quad Tendon and Patellar Tendon both attach here?
The patella
51
What happens if the arteries to the femur get blocked?
Avascular Necrosis
52
Referred pain due to hip pathology from obturator nerve occurs here?
The knee
53
What is the adductor hiatus?
A gap between the femur and the adductor magnus?
54
Role of the adductor hiatus?
Transmits femoral artery and vein from hunter's canal to popliteal fossa
55
This supplies sensation to medial calf and shin?
Saphenous Nerve
56
Role of knee menisci?
Shock absorbers | between femoral condyle and plateau
57
This menisci tears more often?
Medial | 9:1
58
Which menisci is more mobile?
lateral
59
This ligament resits valgus stress?
Medial Collateral Ligament (a.k.a MCL)
60
ACL resists ? rotation and anterior tibial translation?`
Internal rotation
61
Posterior Collateral Ligament (PCL) resists both anterior and posterior tibial translation? True/False?
True. | Mainly resists posterior translation, but can resist anterior in certain situations e.g. descending stairs
62
Resists Varus stress and external rotation?
Lateral Collateral Ligament (a.k.a LCL)
63
Genu Varum has an increased risk of what - Medial or Lateral osteoarthritis?
Medial
64
Genu Valgum has an increased risk of what - Medial or Lateral osteoarthritis?
Lateral
65
4 Main bursae of the knee?
Suprapatellar Prepatellar Infrapatellar Pes Anserine
66
What is tarsal coalition?
Abnormal connections between the tarsal bones
67
The posterior tibialis tendon and the plantar fascia (tendon) form what?
The medial arch of the foot
68
Elongation of what causes flat foot?
Posterior tibialis tendon
69
Where does the posterior tibialis tendon insert?
Navicular Tuberosity | Plantar surface of medial Cuneiform
70
How many ligaments must be damaged in a sprain for an ankle to become unstable?
2 out of 3
71
What is the deltoid ligament?
Medial Collateral Ligament of the Foot/Ankle | a.k.a the ligament of the medial foot
72
Position and function of the interosseous tibiofibular ligament
Between the tibia and fibula | Maintains ankle stability
73
Muscle at the side of the foot responsible for flexing big toe?
Flexor Hallicus Brevis
74
Subtalar Joint is also known as the?
Talocalcaneal Joint
75
Anterior and Posterior talofibular ligament and the calcaneofibular ligament are what?
Lateral ligaments of the ankle
76
Deltoid Ligaments connect ?
Medial malleolus of tibia to Talus bone
77
How many ligaments is the deltoid ligament composed of?
4 ligaments
78
When someone presents with an ankle dislocation what else must you check for?
Fractures of the fibular or tibia

MSK (5 decks)

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